摘要
根据我国刑法的相关规定,单位犯罪不应理解为单纯的以单位为主体的单一犯罪,而应是由单位与直接实施犯罪的单位责任人员为主体共同构成的、单位犯罪与自然人犯罪并列的嵌套式共同犯罪。在这种特殊的共同犯罪形态中,一方面是单位本身因为其存在赋予了单位成员以单位特有的犯罪能力而成为犯罪主体,另一方面则是单位相关主管与责任人员因其个人以违反刑法要求的方式履行职责而成为嵌套在单位之内的与单位共同实施犯罪的自然人主体。所谓"嵌套",是指尽管单位及其责任人员均因其各自的犯罪行为而承担着独立的行为责任,但在这种犯罪中,单位与其成员的意志与行为均互为表里,在客观上看似是一个密不可分的整体,在单位犯罪中应承担相对独立刑事责任的自然人,在形式上就只能依赖于单位这个外壳才可能在刑法中独立存在。法律将满足这种条件的两个犯罪结合在一起规定为一个"单位犯罪",因而单位和单位成员的独立行为责任又是对单位犯罪刑事责任分担的结果。这就是单位犯罪的嵌套刑事责任。
According to the relevant provisions of the China＇ s Criminal Law, unit crime should not be construed as a single crime of the unit, and it should be a nested joint crime constituted by the unit crime and the natural person crime, which is committed by the unit and unit members responsible for the direct implementation of the crime. In this special form of joint crime, on the one hand, the unit becomes crime subject because its existence gives the unit members specific criminal capacity of the unit, on the other hand, relevant supervisors and other directly responsible personnel become natural person subject who commit crime with the unit and nested in the unit, because of performing their duties in a manner which violates the criminal law. The socalled ＇nesting＇ means that the unit and its members are responsible for their own criminal behavior, but in this crime, the will and action of the unit and its members are mutually exterior and interior, it seems to be an inseparable wholeness in fact, the natural person who should bear relatively independent criminal responsibility in the unit crime, can only rely on the unit shell to exist in the criminal law formally. The law combines the two crimes satisfying the conditions to be a unit crime, therefore, the unit and the unit member＇ s independent behavior responsibility is the result of sharing criminal responsibility of the unit crime. That is the theory of the nested criminal responsibility of the unit crime.
作者
陈忠林
席若
CHEN Zhong-lin XI Ruo(Law School of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, Chin)
出处
《现代法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第2期110-122,共13页
Modern Law Science
关键词
单位犯罪
刑事责任
法人超越说
嵌套刑事责任
unit crime
criminal liability
transcendence theory of the legal person
theory of the nested criminal responsibility
作者简介
陈忠林（1951-），男，重庆人，重庆大学法学院教授，博士生导师，法学博士；
席若（1988-），女，河南新乡人，重庆大学法学院博士生。
