摘要
利用现代科技分析手段提取古代彩塑信息并与文献结合,可以推断其工艺、材料和制作时间,进而确定其历史价值、科学价值和艺术价值,为艺术史研究和保护修复提供信息与帮助。因此,本工作利用三维视频显微镜(3D Video Microscope)、偏光显微镜(PLM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、扫描电子显微镜与能谱仪(SEMEDX)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和大腔体微束X-射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)等分析了山西太原纯阳宫所藏一尊明代道教星宿彩塑脱落样品,发现彩塑经过多次重绘。其中星宿足部经过四次重绘,从胎体至表面层使用的黑色颜料为炭黑(C),绿色颜料为氯铜矿(CuCl_2·3Cu(OH)_2),白色颜料为铅白(PbCO_3),褐红色颜料为靛青(C_6H_(10)N_2O_2)与黄丹(PbO)的混合物。彩塑头部经过两次重绘,分别使用了群青(Na_(6-8)Al_6Si_6O_(24)(S_(2-4))和靛青。彩塑躯干部位表层红色颜料为朱砂(HgS)和铅丹(Pb_3O_4)的混合物,黄色颜料为铅铬黄(PbCrO_4),蓝色颜料为群青,绿色颜料为铅铬黄(PbCrO_4)与群青的混合物。彩塑白粉层成分为石英(SiO_2)与高岭土(Al_2Si_2O_7·2H_2O)的混合物。分析结果表明,此尊星宿彩塑在过去的数百年间曾经多次重绘或修葺,根据不同白粉层成分组成相近判断,保存该彩塑群的寺观有将高岭土作为白粉层的传统。研究结果可为保护材料和修复技术的选择提供信息和依据。
A lot of information on techniques,materials and the production periods for ancient polychrome sculptures has been collected with the help of related literature and by application of modern analytical methods. The revelation of their historical,scientific and artistic values is of great help to art historians and conservators. In this work,the 3D video and polarized light microscopy,Raman spectroscopy,SEM-scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray fluorescence were applied to a Ming dynasty（ 1368-1644 AD） polychrome Taoist star now in Shanxi Art Museum. It was found that the polychrome sculpture had been repainted several times. The foot was repainted four times. From the clay layer to the surface layer the pigments used in turns were： carbon black（ C） for the black pigment,atacamite（ CuCl2·3Cu（OH）2）for the green pigment,lead white（ PbCO3） for the white pigment,and a mixture of indigo（ C6H（10）N2O2） and litharge（PbO） for the brown red pigment. The head of the polychrome sculpture was repainted twice,with ultramarine blue（ Na（6-8）Al6Si6O（24）（ S（2-4））） and indigo,respectively. On the sculpture body,chrome yellow（ PbCrO4） is used as the yellow pigment and the ultramarine blue as the blue pigment. A mixture of vermilion（ Hg S） and red lead（ Pb3O4） is used as the red pigment and a mixture of chrome yellow and ultramarine blue is used as green pigment.The components of the white layer are the mixture of quartz（ SiO2） and kaolin（ Al2Si2O7·2H2O）. The results show that the polychrome sculpture was repainted or repaired many times in the past hundred years. Judging from the similar components of the different white layers,it can be concluded that the temple has a tradition of using kaolin as a component of the white layer.
出处
《文物保护与考古科学》
北大核心
2015年第4期50-60,共11页
Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology
关键词
纯阳宫
彩塑
明代
颜料
拉曼光谱
扫描电镜与能谱
Shanxi Art Museum
Polychrome sculpture
Ming dynasty
Pigments
Raman
SEM-EDX
作者简介
马燕莹（1992-），女，北京大学文物与博物馆专业2014级研究生，研究方向：陶瓷科技考古、壁画与纸质文物保护，E—mail：m0213m@126．com
通讯作者：胡东波（1963～），男，教授，E—mail：hudongbo@pku．edu．cn
