摘要
莫高窟壁画中的红色颜料几乎全是无机矿物颜料,据有关记载也可能有极少量的有机红色颜料,如胭脂一类的植物性有机红颜料,但是由于分析手段和设备条件所限,至今对壁画中的有机颜料,包括红色颜料还没有分析结果。莫高窟壁画中红色矿物颜料基本有三种,即铅丹——Pb<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>、土红——Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>和朱砂—HgS,另外还有极少量的雄黄—AsS。
From comprehensive and systematic analyses and tests, we know that almost all the red pigments (i. e. red lead, vermillion and hematite) used in the mogao frescoes,are of inorganic compounds.
Hematite has been found to be the most commonly used red pigment, specially in the early dynastic periods. With time, it gave way to vermillion, which has been used widely in later dynastic periods.
Hematite has been found to be the a very stable pigment and has withstood light, high temperatures, humidity,dryndess and carbon dioxide with practically no discolouration.
Vermillion was widely used after the Sui and Tang dynasties. It has been found to discolour easily when exposed to light due to changes in its crystalline form. Interestingly, high humidity does not affect vermillion and when compared to red lead, which discolours readily, vermillion has been shown to be rather a stable red pigment.
Red lead,the most severly discoloured pigment in the Mogao frescoes, has also been widely used. High humidity and the alkalinity of the stucco wall plastering on which the frescoes are painted, has lead to its discolouration. High humidity has brought about its change, firstion to white lead and then due to sustained high humidity and alkalinity, brought about the brown black coloured lead peroxide now seen.
It is not clear yet why the red lead used in the frescoes show a fairly steady chmical property when it is mixed with hematite and vermillion. Interestingly,the statuettes re- modelled and repainted during the Qing Dynasty, were painted with this mixture and show little or no discolouration to date.
出处
《敦煌研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
1992年第3期41-54,128-129+135-137,共19页
Dunhuang Research
