摘要
以东部地区城市特色比较明显的6个城市的流动人口问卷调查为基础,从经济融入、社会融入、心理融入、制度融入和空间融入等5个方面构建了衡量流动人口城市融入的指标体系,并比较了6个城市流动人口总体融入状况和各层面的融入差异。研究发现流动人口在北方的沈阳、青岛和北京等城市融入程度要高于南方城市东莞、温州和无锡。同一城市流动人口在各层面的融入不平衡,沈阳经济融入程度最高,制度融入程度却最低;北京经济层面融入居前列,但空间融入最低;与北京相反,青岛制度层面融入最高,经济层面融入最低;东莞空间层面融入程度最高,社会融入层面最低。作为社会政策制定和执行的最重要的主体——城市地方政府要结合各自城市的流动人口融入的特点,制定适合本城市特点的流动人口城市融入政策。对于南方城市而言,推广普通话,加强对市民的包容性教育尤其重要;对北京这样的超大城市要完善城市空间结构,提高交通的便捷性更加重要,沈阳要加强流动人口社会保障制度、企业用工制度的完善。
Based on the data derived from survey questionnaires on the floating population in six cities of eastern China,this paper builds up an indicator system in line with China＇s reality to assess the degree of floating population integration into cities with principal component analysis.In our study,we interpret urban integration with respect to economic integration,social integration,mental integration,spatial integration and institutional integration.The results show that the degree of urban integration in Shenyang is the highest,followed by Qingdao.And the lowest are Wenzhou and Dongguan.Wuxi and Beijing fall in between.Basically,cities of northern China is higher than the south in this aspect.Integration degree demonstrates a certain level of disequilibrium among different aspects even in the same city.For example,economic integration is the highest in Shenyang,but its institutional integration is the lowest in 6 cities; in contrast,Qingdao demonstrates the highest institutional integration,but the lowest economic integration;the economic integration in Beijing is the second highest,but its spatial integration the lowest; and Dongguan shows the highest spatial integration,but the lowest social integration.Based on the analysis,some suggestions are put forward：as the most important social policymakers and executors,the local city governments should explore integration social policy of floating population suitable to their own circumstances.For southern cities,to promote the urban integration of floating population,effective methods include to popularize mandarin （putonghua） and to cultivate citizens＇ inclusiveness towards floating population.For mega cities like Beijing,it is more important to optimize urban spatial structure and to improve public transport.For other cities like Shenyang,the local government should strengthen the social security system and the labor employment system for floating population.
出处
《城市规划》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第6期9-16,31,共9页
City Planning Review
基金
国家自然科学基金(41371165
40901086)项目资助
关键词
流动人口
城市融入
社会政策
东部地区
floating population
urban integration
social policy
eastern China
作者简介
田明（1974-）,男,博士,北京师范大学社会发展与公共政策学院副教授.
彭宇（1988-）,男,北京师范大学社会发展与公共政策学院博士生.
