摘要
退休移民已经成为全球化的时空流动现象。随着中国人口老龄化,退休移民在我国许多城市快速增长,并产生一系列社会问题。现有研究认为,提高流动人口的社会融入能够有效降低社会冲突。然而,退休移民的非经济性高流动模式对迁入地社会空间影响与一般就业导向的流动人口不同,其流动模式与社会融入的关系仍存在广泛争论,对其主观幸福感的影响也缺乏实证支持。文章以珠海为例,研究不同流动模式下退休移民的社会融入和主观幸福感。该研究根据流动模式将退休移民主要分为循环型和定居型两类。前者以舒适型动机为主;后者以协助型动机为主,总体更注重家庭需求,与欧美退休移民的结构存在较大差异。研究表明,不同流动模式退休移民的社会融入存在显著差异。定居型退休移民社会融入在人际交往和心理距离方面均显著高于循环型退休移民。退休移民的社会融入是有层次的,总体上较容易实现生活习惯、文化接纳和心理距离方面的融入,但难以做到人际交往和经济适应的融入。研究进一步表明,不同流动模式或社会融入程度的退休移民在主观幸福感上并无显著差异。流动模式和社会融入并不是影响退休移民主观幸福感的重要因素,但"与谁一起"会显著影响移民主观幸福感。文章基于上述结论进一步提出一系列管理建议。
Retirement migration has become a global phenomenon,and has received particular attention from Western scholars in various disciplines.The largest and most frequent retirement migration flows have been observed from developed regions such as America,Britain,and Northern and Western Europe to less developed regions such as southern Europe,South America,and East and Southeast Asia.However,in China,retirement migration is a relatively new phenomenon that has emerged with the growth of mobility among elderly Chinese.Many tourism cities in southern China have received huge numbers of retirement migrants in recent years and face a wide spectrum of social problems.Studies of work-related migration in China have pointed out that increasing the social inclusion of migrants will reduce social conflicts and solve social problems,thus contributing to a harmoniously mixed society.However,the special mobility patterns of retirement migration generate different problems from those of work-related migration.The relationship between mobility patterns and social inclusion remains unclear,and there is little empirical evidence of the effects of mobility patterns on subjective well-being.This study explored the relationship between the mobility patterns,social inclusion,and subjective well-being(SWB)of retirement migrants in China.The inter-city mobility of elderly retirees in Zhuhai city is considered a representative case of retirement migration in China,a relatively new phenomenon.The study collected 248 cases of retirement migration using systematic sampling in targeted communities that were identified as retirement migration neighborhoods in a preliminary study.The sample was classified into seasonal and resident retirement migrants,according to their time-space mobility patterns.The seasonal migrants were mostly amenity migrants who sought attractive climatic conditions and leisure amenities and lived in the destination city for 3~6 months per year cumulatively,while the resident retirement migrants were normally assistance migrants who co-resided with their adult children in the destination city for more than 10 months per year and undertook housework daily.The proportion of seasonal migration was equivalent to the proportion of resident migration,which is quite different from the structure of retirement migration in Western countries.The results reveal that the mobility pattern had no significant influence on SWB,but had a significant influence on social inclusion.Resident retirement migrants exhibited more frequent social interaction and a shorter psychical distance than seasonal migrants did.Hukou,migration mode,and residential status had no significant influence on the overall social inclusion of retirement migrants,but had a moderating effect on the relationship between mobility patterns and social inclusion.This study also found that social inclusion had no significant influence on the SWB of retirement migrants The SWB of retirement migrants was highly dependent on whom they migrated and lived with.Managerial implications are provided for destination city managers.
作者
梁增贤
陈颖欢
LIANG Zengxian;CHEN Yinghuan(School of Tourism Management,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China;Center for Tourism Planning&Research,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)
出处
《旅游学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期27-39,共13页
Tourism Tribune
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“旅游消费移民主观幸福感与管理提升研究”(19BGL148)资助
关键词
退休移民
流动模式
社会融入
主观幸福感
户籍
珠海
retirement migration
mobility pattern
social inclusion
subject well-being
Hukou
Zhuhai city
作者简介
通讯作者:梁增贤(1984—),男,广西南宁人,博士,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为旅游地理学、主题公园、城市旅游、休闲与生活质量,E-mail:liangzx3@mail.sysu.edu.cn;陈颖欢(1995—),女,广东汕头人,硕士研究生,研究方向为旅游移民、乡村旅游和社区参与。
