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幼儿入园焦虑的音乐治疗——基于“同质原则”的尝试 被引量:20

Music Therapy Intervention for Children's Separation Anxiety
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摘要 3岁左右新入园的幼儿普遍存在分离焦虑。在当前幼儿园教育实践中,教师一般通过摆事实、讲道理或分散幼儿注意力的办法加以疏导,但这实质上只是让幼儿暂时回避了与依恋对象分离的事实,而没有真正消解幼儿的分离焦虑。长此以往,这种焦虑带来的心理创伤会集聚在幼儿的潜意识里,并对孩子一生的发展造成不利影响。音乐治疗是缓解情绪压力、调节负面情绪的有效手段,在将音乐治疗引入幼儿分离焦虑的治疗中时,必须遵循"同质原则",即首先使用与幼儿目前情绪状态同步的音乐,让音乐与幼儿的情绪产生共鸣,然后再通过逐步改变音乐的情感特点来改变幼儿的情绪状态。如可以先创设故事情境,展现与依恋对象分离的具体情景,而后给孩子们提供各种打击乐器,让他们随意根据自己的感受与情绪来敲打乐器,让乐器发生任意节奏的声音。在孩子们尽情渲泄后,再进入情绪安抚环节,由教师讲道理,并带着孩子们进行简单有趣的音乐律动活动。孩子们的分离焦虑会因充分释放而得到显著缓解,由先前的哭闹不止、拒绝活动到后来的积极参与,都表明根据"同质原则"设计的音乐治疗活动能够有效地缓解幼儿的分离焦虑,是治疗幼儿分离焦虑的有效的、恰当的手段与途径。 Based on the principle of homogeneity, the music therapy can alleviate children's separation anxiety, because it could meet the widest range and diversity of children's emotional experience, and also adapt separation with their attachment objects and negative emotions expression.
出处 《学前教育研究》 北大核心 2011年第1期70-72,共3页 Studies in Early Childhood Education
基金 河北省科技厅科技计划项目"影响幼儿园教师性别结构的因素及对策研究"(课题号:094572169)的阶段性研究成果
关键词 同质原则 音乐治疗 情绪体验 分离焦虑 ISO Principle, music therapy, emotional experience, separation anxiety
作者简介 通讯作者:齐易,河北大学艺术学院教授,E—mail:hebeiqiyi@126.com
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