摘要
自新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来,美国种族主义思潮泛滥,表现为美国警察执法中非裔美国人的非正常死亡事件依旧高发,美国国内掀起一股反亚裔浪潮,以及制度性种族主义使少数族裔的身体健康和生命安全遭受重创。从国家认同角度看,美国种族主义思想代表的是白人中心主义国家认同观。美国种族主义思想对国家认同的认知是一元性的,该思想树立了一种标准,即是否属于或能否同化进盎格鲁—撒克逊文化体系是判定“谁是美国人”的根本标准,这就造成了对多元文化主义思想的国家认同观的排他性。在种族主义大回潮的环境下,美国国家认同构建赖以存在的族群治理“二元平衡体系”开始崩塌,同化和多元化双轨并行的政策体系遭到严重破坏,这引发了美国国家认同构建的体系性挑战。在特朗普政府和拜登政府时期,美国种族主义回潮产生的影响不仅囿于国内,其对美国外交政策的塑造能力也呈上升趋势,成为影响国际秩序和美国对华政策的重要因素。一方面,美国“种族等级制”国际秩序观由隐性开始重新走向显性;另一方面,种族主义是美国污名化中国和以冷战思维对待和处理中美关系的重要思想根源。从中长期看,人口结构变化、社会共识缺失、政治极化加剧、选举利益驱动等因素将使美国种族主义呈现愈演愈烈的趋势。
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic,racism in the United States is resurging.This is manifested in the facts that the abnormal deaths of African Americans in the police law enforcement are still high,and that a strong anti-Asian wave turn up in the United States,while the health and life safety of ethnic minorities having suffered severe damage resulted by institutional racism.From the perspective of national identity,racism ideology represents the white-centrism view of national identity.The cognition of national identity by racist thinking is unitary.This thinking establishes a standard,that is,whether it belongs to or whether it can be assimilated into the Anglo-Saxon main stream cultural system provids the fundamental criterion for judging“who is American”.This has resulted in the exclusivity of the national identity concept of multiculturalism.In the context of the resurgence of racism,the“dual balance system”of ethnic governance on which the construction of U.S.’national identity depends began to collapse,and the dual-track policy system of assimilation and diversification was severely damaged,which triggered the systemic de-construction of U.S.’national identity.During the Trump administration and the Biden administration,the impact of the resurgence of racism spilled over to shape American foreign policy,played as an important factor affecting the international order and even U.S.new cold war policy toward China.On the one hand,“racial hierarchy”featured concept of international order in the U.S.has turned from recessive to explicit;on the other hand,racism finds itself as an important ideological root of America’s stigmatization of China and its Cold War mentality in treating and handling Sino-U.S.relations.In the medium and long run,such factors as changes in the demographic structure,lack of social consensus,increased political polarization,and the driving force of electoral interests,will all together make American racism present an intensifying trend.
出处
《国际观察》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期72-98,共27页
International Review
基金
2021年度国家社科基金一般项目“21世纪以来美国少数族裔人口变化及其政治影响研究”(项目编号:21BZZ107)的阶段性成果
关键词
美国新种族主义
少数族裔
国家治理
美国外交政策
中美战略竞争
New Racism in the U.S.
Ethnic Minorities
National Governance
U.S.Foreign Policy
Strategic Competition between China and U.S
作者简介
何晓跃,南京师范大学公共管理学院副教授,博士,南京,210023
