摘要
百余年前,马克斯·韦伯提出了"魅力型""传统型"和"法理型"三种"合法统治类型"。约略同时,梁启超看到古代中国伦理与政治的紧密关系,由此产生了伦理政治的概念和讨论。韦伯提出的三种"合法统治类型",都不适合解释中国的伦理政治,因此有必要提出把伦理政治作为第四种"合法统治类型"的论点,并提供论据。兹先简述伦理政治产生的历史渊源及原则,然后以先秦儒家,特别是孔孟荀的思想为例论述儒家"伦理政治思想"五个组成分(内圣外王、君子之治(德政、礼治)、核心价值"仁",治理目的"人人向善"和至上神"天")以及作为伦理政治"合法性原则"和"合法性理由"的"仁政"。最后提出两个问题供学界讨论:第一,伦理政治是不是应该继续发展,而且有其可能?第二,伦理政治及思想能否与当代政治接轨?
Over one hundred years ago,Max Weber proposed his three kinds of“models of legitimate rule”:“the charismatic model,”“the traditional model,”and“the rational-legal model.”Roughly about the same time,Liang Qichao looked at the close relationship between ethics and politics in ancient China,coming up with the concept and discussion of“ethical-politics”(lunli zhengzhi论礼政治).None of the three kinds of“models of legitimate rule”that Weber proposed are suitable for explaining Chinese“ethical-politics,”therefore it is necessary to make an argument for the thesis that Chinese“ethical-politics”should be regarded as a fourth kind of“models of legitimate rule.”In this paper I will first give an outline of the principles and historical origins that gave rise to the concept of“ethical-politics.”Then I will take pre-Qin Confucianism,and in particular the thought of Confucius,Mencius and Xunzi,as an example to discuss the five elements of Confucian“ethical-politics”.I will also discuss“humane rule”(ren zheng仁政),which is regarded as the“legitimacy principle”and“legitimacy grounds”of“ethical-politics.”Finally I will raise two questions to be offered up for scholarly discussion:1.“Should‘ethical-politics’continue to be developed and what are the possibilities for it to do so?”;and 2.“Can‘ethical-politics’and its ideas be integrated into present-day politics?”
出处
《国际儒学（中英文）》
2021年第2期49-67,165,共20页
International Studies on Confucianism
关键词
先秦儒家政治思想
合法统治类型
伦理政治
政治合法性
pre-Qin Confucian political thought
models of legitimate rule
ethical-politics
political legitimacy
