摘要
根据实体规定,不动产抵押权在行使期间届满后的法律后果为“不予保护”,抵押人有是否请求涂销抵押登记的最终选择权。执行程序中以是否存在抵押登记来判断是否对未经确认的抵押权予以保护,显然与实体法关于抵押权行使期间届满后“不予保护”的立场相悖,会引发架空担保物权行使期间与损害其他债权人利益的问题。执行程序中对未经确认的抵押权效力采形式审查立场无助于问题的解决,因为抵押登记的存在会遮蔽抵押权行使期间届满的事实,只能得出抵押权有效的结论。抵押权效力待定类型的存在及未经确认的抵押权在执行中仍受保护的制度设计,要求在执行程序中对抵押权行使期间予以实质审查。在执行程序中对抵押权行使期间进行实质审查是可行的,并且能对形式审查的不足予以弥补。若抵押权人对抵押权行使期间实质审查的结论有异议,宜依照《民事诉讼法》第232条提出执行行为异议以寻求救济。
According to the substantive provisions,the legal consequence after the expiration of the exercise period of the real estate mortgage is“no protection”,and the mortgagor has the final choice whether to request the cancellation of the mortgage registration.In the execution procedure,whether to protect the unconfirmed mortgage by the existence of mortgage registration is obviously contrary to the position of the substantive law on“no protection”after the expiration of the exercise period of the mortgage right,and will lead to the problem of the exercise period of the overhead security right and damage the interests of other creditors.The formal examination of the validity of the unconfirmed mortgage in the execution procedure is not helpful to the solution of the problem,because the existence of the mortgage registration will obscure the fact that the exercise period of the mortgage has expired,and can only draw the conclusion that the mortgage is valid.The existence of the undetermined type of mortgage effect and the system design that the unconfirmed mortgage is still protected in the execution require the substantial review of the exercise period of mortgage in the execution procedure.It is feasible to conduct substantive examination during the exercise of mortgage in the execution procedure,and can make up for he deficiency of formal examination.If the mortgagee has an objection to the conclusion of the substantive examination during the exercise of the mortgage,it is appropriate to raise an objection to the enforcement act and seek relief in accordance with Article 232 of the Civil Procedure Law.
出处
《中国不动产法研究》
2024年第1期280-297,311,共19页
Research on Real Estate Law of China
基金
国家社科基金项目“强制执行法典化背景下执行力主观范围扩张研究”(23BFX136)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
抵押权效力
行使期间
执行程序
Effectiveness of Mortgage
Exercise Period
Program of Execution
作者简介
曾彬,法学硕士,重庆市渝北区人民法院法官助理,西南政法大学人民法院执行研究中心研究人员,研究方向为强制执行法
