摘要
世界贸易组织成立已二十余年,其对国际经贸秩序的稳定既发挥了不可或缺的作用,同时也因制度与程序层面的缺陷而处于亟待改革的十字路口。美国作为世界贸易组织及其前身关贸总协定的缔造者和重要参与者,必然与世界贸易组织的未来发展方向息息相关。鉴于美国总统特朗普对多边国际机制持消极甚至敌视的态度,认定美国因世界贸易组织过时的程序设计与不合理的制度安排,而在与世界贸易组织各成员的贸易中遭遇不公平对待,当前美国政府对世界贸易组织改革采取了美国优先、以压促变的单边主义策略,意图通过与主要经济体进行双边经贸谈判,架空世界贸易组织,进而重新制定国际贸易规则。美国的改革方案难免对包括中国在内的发展中国家的经贸发展造成潜在且严重的冲击,对此中国应冷静观察,妥善应对,维护国家利益。
The World Trade Organization,which has played an indispensable role in the stability of the international economic and trade order more than 20 years since its establishment,is also at the crossroads in urgent need of reform due to the shortcomings of the system and procedure.As one of the founders and the most important participants of GATT and WTO,the United States is bound to be responsible for the future direction of WTO development.However,the current U.S.administration has adopted the unilateralism strategy of"America First"because of negative hostility to multilateral international mechanism by the President Trump,who believes the U.S.has suffered unfair treatment on its trade with WTO members under outdated procedures and unreasonable institutional arrangements.It intends to override the WTO through bilateral economic and trade negotiations with global major economies so as to redefine the whole rules of international trade,which will be not only inconsistent to China’s efforts to maintain a fair and inclusive international trade environment,but also a great challenge to the interdependent trade relations between China and the United States.
作者简介
王联合,上海外国语大学国际关系与公共事务学院教授;张翔,上海外国语大学国际关系与公共事务学院博士研究生。
