风险社会视域下刑事立法观的理性回归

The Rational Return of Criminal Legislation in the Perspective of Risk Society

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摘要积极立法观将尚未造成实害的危险先发制人地规制为犯罪,是风险社会下利益保护退而求其次的办法。据此,刑法学界针对积极立法观出现了反对与支持的两种声音,聚讼无非在于立法前瞻性与象征性或新工具主义立法的对立、影响性事件是否修法的对立,以及法益原则与危害原则的对立。但批评积极立法观的部分学者,并未摸清象征立法的基础定位,从而导致基点偏差;刑事立法也必须与影响性事件互动,但须谨慎;法益原则与危害原则亦非对立,尤其是在风险社会下两者的联系更为密切。我国当下不仅需继续秉持积极立法观,而且亟须让其理性归位。对此,权宜之计为前瞻性立法须恪守二元界限,即以保护利益为中心以及是否有必要保护;立法与影响性事件互动须保持三分维度,即影响性事件缘由→普适性道德因子较高的民意→分散式策略;将危害原则融入刑事立法中,使其发挥限制刑法过度扩张的功能。 The proactive legislative view pre-emptively regulates the danger as a crime that has not yet caused actual harm,which is a measure of protecting interests in a risk society.Accordingly,there are two voices in the criminal law academic community:against and in favor of the proactive legislative view.The controversy is mainly about the opposition between forward-looking and symbolic legislation or new instrumentalism legislation,whether the influential event leads to amendments,and the opposition between the principle of legal interest and the principle of harm.However,some scholars who criticize the proactive legislative view have not clarified the basic positioning of symbolic legislation,resulting in a deviation in the starting point.Criminal legislation must also interact with influential events,but it must be cautious.The principle of legal interest and the principle of harm are not opposed,especially because they are more closely connected in a risk society.At present,China not only needs to continue to uphold the proactive legislative view,but also urgently needs to rationalize it.As a stopgap measure,forward-looking legislation must adhere to the dual boundaries,that is,the protection of interests as the center and whether it is necessary to protect them.The interaction between legislation and influential events must maintain a three-dimensional dimension,that is,the cause of the influential event→public opinion with high universal moral factors→decentralized strategy.The principle of harm should be integrated into criminal legislation to limit the excessive expansion of criminal law.

作者邹子铭 Zou Ziming

机构地区华东政法大学刑事法学院

出处《法律和政治科学》 2022年第2期133-173,共41页 Law and Political Science

基金江苏省法学会2023年度重点课题“中国特色的轻罪治理体系研究”(项目编号:SFH2023A07)的阶段性成果

关键词刑法立法影响性事件危害原则法益前瞻性立法 Criminal Law Legislation Influential Events Harm Principle Legal Interest Prospective Legislation

分类号 D914 [政治法律—刑法学]

作者简介邹子铭,华东政法大学刑事法学院博士研究生,研究方向:刑事政策、刑法哲学。