基层执法能力建设的中国经验——以第三世界国家为参照被引量：8

Chinese Experience of Grassroots Law Enforcement Capacity Construction

导出

摘要中国基层执法实效不足现象常见,因为执法受到各种因素的影响,很难简单遵循法律规范。为了提高执法实效,执法者就要进行各种“创新”。提升执法实效的努力,在理论上指向了国家能力。执法领域的国家能力,可以从国家及其机构的结构、国家与社会的关系两个方面去理解。反观第三世界国家,大量移植西方法律,希望通过法律推动经济社会发展;然而,由于国家能力不足,生存政治、社会势力、执法裁量权、意识形态、多元规范等都在阻碍法律意图的实现,执法过程成为政客、社会势力、执法者追逐和交换利益的场域。相比而言,中国的基层执法十分成功,堪称执法的中国经验和中国模式。执法领域国家能力的诸多基础,在中国革命和社会主义建设时期就被奠定。执法经验研究的探索,坚持中国社会科学自主性,实现历史与现实的交汇、理论与实践的融合、中国与第三世界的比照,走向了中国执法模式的制度自信和道路自信。 Because law-enforcement is affected by various factors,it is difficult to simply follow the legal norms,so the lack of effectiveness of grassroots law-enforcement in China is common.In order to improve the effectiveness of law-enforcement,law enforcers need to carry out various“innovations”.Efforts to improve the effectiveness of law-enforcement point to national capacity in theory.The national capacity in the field of law-enforcement can be understood from two aspects:the structure of the state and its institutions,and the relationship between the state and society.In contrast,the Third World countries have transplanted western laws on a large scale,hoping to promote economic and social development through laws.However,due to the lack of national capacity,various factors such as survival politics,social forces,law-enforcement discretion,ideology,and multiple norms are hindering the realization of legal intent,and the process of law-enforcement has become a field for politicians,social forces and law enforcers to pursue and exchange interests.In contrast,Chinese grass-roots law-enforcement has been very successful,which can be called the Chinese experience and Chinese model of law-enforcement.Many foundations of national capacity in the field of law-enforcement were laid during the period of Chinese revolution and socialist construction.The exploration of empirical research on law-enforcement adheres to the autonomy of Chinese social sciences,realizes the intersection of history and reality,the integration of theory and practice,and the comparison between China and the Third World countries,and moves towards the institutional confidence and road confidence of Chinese law-enforcement model.

作者陈柏峰

机构地区中南财经政法大学法学院

出处《法学评论》 CSSCI 北大核心 2023年第2期33-45,共13页 Law Review

基金国家社科基金重大项目“习近平法治思想的实践伟力及其创新机制研究(项目批准号:22&ZD199)”的中期成果

关键词基层执法国家能力执法能力第三世界 Grassroots Law-Enforcement National Capacity Law-Enforcement Capacity the Third World

分类号 D922.1 [政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]

作者简介陈柏峰,中南财经政法大学法学院教授。