网络侵权中错误通知人的归责原则——兼论《民法典》第1195条第3款的适用被引量：9

Imputation Principle of Right Holder Assume Liability Because of Erroneous Notice in Network Infringement——Also Commenting on the Application of Paragraph 3 of Article 1195 of the Civil Code

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摘要我国《民法典》第1195条和《中美经贸协议》第1.13条“不约而同”却又“截然相反”地对网络侵权中错误通知人的责任作出规定,前者对错误通知人似采无过错责任原则,后者则要求对善意通知人免责。当通知内容与客观事实不一致时,关于错误通知人应承担何种责任,长期以来我国的立法规定与司法裁判存在脱节,前者采无过错责任原则,而后者采过错责任原则。理论上对此情形下的通知人责任也存在过错责任、无过错责任和过错推定责任三种归责原则的歧见,鉴于主张采无过错责任原则和过错推定责任原则的理由都不够充分,仍应采过错责任原则。据此,《电子商务法》第42条第3款第1句应基于“依法”二字解释为过错责任条款;《民法典》第1195条第3款第1句中的“错误通知”应采限制解释,将其限于通知人有“过错”时;《中美经贸协议》第1.13条中的“善意免责”条款,不应通过在我国法中增加免责条款的方式内国法化,而是应通过澄清我国法对网络侵权中错误通知人采过错责任原则的方式加以履行。 Both the Civil Code of PRC and the China-U.S.Economic and Trade Agreement stipulate the liability of the complaining party who makes an error.However,the rules between the Agreement and the Civil Code are contrary.Basically,the Civil Code seems to recognize the doctrine of no-fault liability while the Agreement asks for eliminating liability for erroneous takedown notices submitted in good faith.How should the complaining party be liable when the contents of the notice are inconsistent with the objective facts?There is a long-term inconsistency between the legislation and the judicial practice on this issue.The former applies the doctrine of no-fault liability while the latter applies the doctrine of fault liability.There are also three controversial points of view in theory:fault,presumption,and no-fault liability.Considering the reasons for presumption and no-fault liability are insufficient,the doctrine of fault liability should be the first option to the complainant.Therefore,the first sentence of Article 42,paragraph 3 of the E-Commerce Law shall be interpreted as a fault liability clause through the word“in accordance with”.The first sentence of Article 1195,paragraph 3 of the Civil Code shall be interpreted in a narrow way:“erroneous notice”only refers to the notice submitted in fault.The“good faith”clause in Article 1.13 of the Agreement should be domesticized by clarifying the fault liability for erroneous takedown complainant.

作者徐伟

机构地区宁波大学法学院

出处《法学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第6期114-127,共14页 Law Science

基金 2021年度浙江省软科学研究计划重点项目“中美经济贸易协议背景下浙江省电子商务营商环境优化研究”(项目编号:2021C25007)的成果之一

关键词网络侵权通知移除错误通知《中美经贸协议》《民法典》第1195条 online infringement notice and takedown erroneous notice China-U.S.Economic and Trade Agreement article 1195 of the Civil Code

分类号 D923 [政治法律—民商法学]