摘要
《中美第一阶段经贸协议》用专节规定了电子商务的知识产权保护。由于《协议》相关规则与我国现行法从规则设计到路径选择均有一定差异,因此,《协议》将对我国电子商务的知识产权保护产生实质性的影响。这体现在电子商务平台的治理措施以及平台责任两方面。《协议》将细化有效通知的标准,并且澄清人们对错误通知归责原则的模糊认识。虽然善意通知免责的规定降低了权利人维权的风险,可能助长恶意投诉行为,但由于善意通知免责与恶意通知加重处罚是相互补充的制度设计,因此,单一制度规则变化并不会明显打破我国“通知—删除”制度的内在平衡。协议要求建立有效的下架制度,但转通知仅是确定有效通知的重要环节。协议对反通知制度有显著影响,协议延长等待期的规定加大了对权利人的保护,加剧了我国反通知制度的失灵。由于反通知制度未能发挥实效,《协议》约定的错误反通知赔偿的制度也可能落空。《协议》对电子商务平台经营者的民事责任和行政责任都呈现出加重的趋势。中美开展合作,建立电子商务领域国际社会通行统一的规则和理念,有助于减少摩擦,实现共赢。国际通行规则应明晰最低限度的事前审查义务指引,允许采取差异化的“通知—删除”规则标准,并建立以技术中立为基础的电子商务平台责任体系。
Section E of Economic and Trade agreement between the Government of the Untied States of America and the Government of the People’s Republic of China(phase one)(herein referred to as the"agreement")provided piracy and counterfeiting on e-commerce platforms.Because the rules of the agreement are different with domestic law,the agreement will have a substantial impact on the protection of e-commerce intellectual property rights in China.The impact is from two aspects:the e-commerce platform governance measures and platform liability.The agreement will further clear the standers of effective notification and clarify vague understandings about the imputation principle of false notification.Because the exemption of good faith notice is related to the punitive damage of malicious notice,so the change of single system rules will not obviously break the internal balance of the notice-takedown rule in China.The notification is used to trigger the rule of counter-notification.So it is important to determine the validity of notification.The extension of the waiting period which is required by the agreement will strengthen the protection of the right holders,meanwhile will aggravates the failure of the counter-notice system in China.At the same time,due to the failure of the counter-notice system,the compensation system for wrong counter-notice agreed in the agreement may fail.The civil liability and administrative liability of the e-commerce platform are enhanced by the agreement.Cooperation between China and the United States would reduce friction and achieve win-win.We should establish the uniform rules of ecommerce intellectual property protection.International uniform rules should give the minimum prior review obligation guidelines,adopt differentiated notice-takedown rules,and establish an e-commerce liability system based on technology neutrality principle.
出处
《私法》
2021年第2期21-42,共22页
Private Law Review
关键词
中美经贸协议
电子商务
知识产权保护
治理措施
平台责任
国际统一规则
Economic and Trade agreement between the Government of the Untied States of America and the Government of the People’s Republic of China(phase one)
E-commerce
Intellectual property protection
Governance measure
Platform liability
Uniform rules
作者简介
戴怡婷(1981-),北京大学法学院2019级博士研究生,主要研究方向:知识产权法。
