摘要
《民法典》规定,权利人错误通知给网络用户或网络服务提供者造成损害的,由权利人承担责任。目前理论和实践针对该条款的适用存有争议,即认定权利人错误通知侵权责任时适用何种归责原则,是以无过错责任原则为准还是以过错推定原则为准,亦或采取过错责任原则。厘清上述主张的利弊,找出最佳适用方案极为必要。通过对适用过错责任原则的合理性、必要性以及可行性进行分析,该原则在平衡被害人权益保护和加害人行为自由二者利益上效用显著,有益于推动互联网的健康发展。适用过错责任原则,证明权利人主观过错的责任在网络用户一方,其可以采用主客观标准相结合的方式来证明权利人的主观过错,在减轻自身举证责任的同时也避免浪费司法资源。
According to the Civil Code,the obligee should be held liable if the wrong notification has caused damage to network users or Internet service providers.At present,there are disputes in theory and practice about the application of this clause,that is,what kind of imputation principle should be applied when determining the right holder’s wrong notification of tort liability,whether it is the principle of no-fault liability or the principle of presumption of fault,or the principle of fault liability.It is extremely necessary to clarify the advantages and disadvantages of the above propositions and find out the best applicable scheme.Through the analysis of the rationality,necessity and feasibility of applying the fault liability principle,this principle has significant effect in balancing the interests of the protection of the rights and interests of the victim and the freedom of the act of the perpetrator,which is beneficial to promote the healthy development of the Internet.Applying the fault liability principle,the burden of proving the subjective fault of the obligee is on the network user,who can prove the subjective fault of the obligee by combining subjective and objective standards,so as to reduce their burden of proof and avoid wasting judicial resources.
作者
吕姝洁
文莉
Lv Shujie;Wen Li(Law School,Tianjin University of Commerce,Tianjin 300134,China)
出处
《天津法学》
2021年第4期64-73,共10页
Tianjin Legal Science
关键词
错误通知
通知规则
过错责任
归责原则
注意义务
wrong notification
notification rules
fault liability
imputation principle
duty of care
作者简介
吕姝洁,女,天津商业大学法学院讲师,法学博士,主要从事债权理论实务研究;文莉,女,天津商业大学法学院2020级民商法专业硕士研究生,主要从事民商事法学研究。
