摘要
从全人口年龄结构特征、老年人口内部结构特征、不同生命周期人口关系三个方面,分别对比中国和国外人口结构演变趋势。目前,中国和主要发达国家的少子化程度几乎同等严重,且中国的劳动力老化程度已经超过了发达地区。中国的老年人口预期余寿不断延长,但将长期低于发达国家。中国当前的人口高龄化程度低于发达国家,但未来将成为高龄化程度最深的国家之一。高龄老年人口性别失衡是世界共性问题,但高龄人口女性化的问题在逐渐改观。中国的高龄人口性别比较之多数国家更平衡。中国当前的老年抚养比低于日本、美国、俄罗斯等发达国家,但是未来将逐步超过大多数发达国家。人口负增长也将成为包括中国在内的多数国家面临的常态化问题。中国的老龄化应对之路任重而道远。
This paper compared the evolution trends of demographic structure in China and abroad from three aspects:age structure characteristics of the entire population,internal structure characteristics of the elderly population,and the relationship among different age groups.At present,the problem of subreplacement fertility is almost equally severe between China and major developed countries,and the ageing level of China’s labour force has exceeded that of developed regions.The expected lifespan of China’s elderly population continues to extend,but it will remain shorter than that of developed countries for a long time.Although China’s level of population ageing is lower than that of developed countries,it will become one of the oldest countries.The gender imbalance among the elderly population is common globally,and the phenomenon of the number of female elders exceeding that of male elders is gradually improving.China has a more gender-balanced elderly population than most countries.The current oldage dependency ratio in China is lower than that of Japan,the United States,Russia and other developed countries,but it will gradually surpass most developed countries in the future.Negative population growth will also become a normal in most countries,including China.China still has a long way to go in dealing with ageing.
作者
和明杰
HE Mingjie(China Research Center on Ageing,Beijing 100088,China)
出处
《老龄科学研究》
2023年第12期36-51,共16页
Scientific Research on Aging
关键词
中国
世界各国
人口老龄化
进程
展望
China
countries around the world
population ageing
process
prospect
作者简介
和明杰,经济学硕士,中国老龄科学研究中心研究实习员,研究方向为老龄科学、老龄经济、老龄产业。
