摘要
民族地区是我国物种资源最富集、生态环境最优美的区域,也是当下生态环境发展最敏感、最脆弱的区域,更是维系和保障整个国家生态安全的要害区域。人与自然是息息相关的生命共同体,人与自然和谐共生是民族地区实现现代化的前提,需要站在人与自然和谐共生的高度谋划民族地区现代化发展路径。民族地区需要构建全方位推进生态保护补偿制度的大格局,构建以共同富裕为本质特征的生态保护补偿制度。要构建和完善民族地区生态环境补偿制度体系,就需要构建以生态保护和环境治理为核心的生态补偿机制体系,构建民族地区横向生态环境补偿机制体系,构建民族地区跨区域横向生态补偿机制体系。要为民族地区生态环境补偿提供司法服务,就需要建立民族地区生态环境预防性机制和公益诉讼前置程序,建立民族地区环境民事公益诉讼和行政公益诉讼制度,构建民族地区生态环境案件刑事民事责任统筹体系。
Humans and nature are closely related to a community of life,and their harmonious coexistence is the premise of realizing modernization in ethnic minority areas.It is therefore necessary to envision a modernization pathway that prioritizes this harmony.Findings show that compared with other areas,ethnic minority areas are known to possess richer biodiversity and better ecological environments.However,these areas also have been confronting the significant challenges of fragile ecological environments.As a key area for maintaining national ecological security,ethnic minority areas thus need to build a comprehensive ecological protection compensation system.This paper therefore holds that this compensatory system should be grounded in a humanistic approach and take the Chinese people as its top priority,fostering“all-round development of people”as its core principle,and aiming for common prosperity as its key characteristic.The Chinese“Civil Code”incorporates the“green principle”and emphasizes ecological protection,indicating that ethnic minority areas have a legal framework in place for environmental protection and governance.Drawing from this“Civil Code”,the legal system ought to adopt an ecological perspective,striving to develop and refine an ecological environmental compensation system in ethnic minority areas.This article draws the conclusion that the construction of such an eco-environmental compensation system in ethnic minority areas should be carried out from the following three aspects:Developing an eco-compensation system centered on ecological protection and environmental governance;establishing a horizontal ecological environmental compensation system of ethnic minority areas;constructing cross-regional ecological compensation mechanisms for ethnic minority areas.While building an eco-environmental compensation framework in ethnic minority areas is important,the significance of providing judicial services for eco-environmental compensation in ethnic minority areas cannot be overlooked.What is more,this paper addresses three key aspects:establishing preventive mechanisms and allowing for a pre-procedure of public interest litigation in ethnic minority areas,creating civil public interest litigation procedures and administrative public interest litigation systems for these regions,and developing a system to coordinate criminal and civil liability in ecological environment cases,so as to provide judicial services for ecological environment compensation in ethnic minority areas.A pre-procedure of environmental administrative public interest litigation involves preliminary activity by the litigant before initiating such litigation.Therefore,it is necessary to establish both a preventive mechanism regarding the ecological environment as well as a pre-procedure of public interest litigation in ethnic minority areas.In the context of environmental governance and ecological protection,public interest litigation in ethnic minority areas includes both environmental civil and administrative public interest legal proceedings.Therefore,efforts have been underway to establish systems for both environmental civil public interest litigation and administrative public interest litigation in ethnic minority areas.To ensure a consistent“overall application of criminal and civil liability”in similar ecological environment cases in ethnic minority areas,this paper proposes to build a comprehensive system of criminal and civil liability of ecological environment cases in ethnic minority areas.The establishment of an ecological environmental compensation framework,along with the provision of relevant judicial services in ethnic minority areas,is expected to play a vital role in promoting and safeguarding the development of the environment.
作者
宋才发
Song Caifa(Guangxi Minzu University,Nanning,530006,Guangxi;Law School,Minzu University of China,Beijing,100081,China)
出处
《民族学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第8期62-71,162,共11页
Journal of Ethnology
基金
2019年国家社会科学基金重大项目“中华民族伟大复兴视域下民族事务治理法治化研究”(19ZDA170)
2023年度贵州省高校人文社会科学研究基地项目“贵州推进碳达峰碳中和法治保障研究”(23RWJD367)阶段性成果。
关键词
生态保护补偿机制
横向环境补偿机制
环境民事公益诉讼
环境行政公益诉讼
公益诉讼前置程序
ecological compensation system
horizontal environmental compensation mechanism
environmental civil public interest litigation
environmental administrative public interest litigation
pre-procedure of public interest litigation
作者简介
宋才发(1953-),汉族,湖北省武穴市人,法学博士,广西民族大学特聘“相思湖讲席教授”,博士生导师,中央民族大学法学院二级教授,研究方向:民族法学、民族学。
