摘要
新冠肺炎疫情对经济社会造成较大冲击,给民生领域带来风险。本文主要通过居民问卷调查方式观察疫情对民生的影响,分析重大突发公共卫生事件的民生风险传导机制,总结世界主要国家应对疫情的民生保障措施,提出加强我国民生保障体系的思路和建议。疫情带来的民生风险突出表现为:就业脆弱性和失业风险增大,居民收入下滑风险加剧,物价上涨压力较大,居民生活成本增加,低收入家庭恩格尔系数明显提高,子女教育和家庭照料问题普遍存在。疫情对民生保障和救助体系提出挑战,凸显了长期存在的一些短板。应对重大突发公共卫生事件的冲击,应该采取全局性的应对举措,贯彻就业是民生之本的原则,应优先使用普惠性的救助政策,建立全民基本收入制度,重点保障低收入和贫困群体,完善并创新社会托底政策。
The outbreak of COVID-19 has a great impact on the economy and society,and brings the people’s livelihood risk.This study observes the impact of the epidemic on people’s livelihood by the questionnaire survey for residents,and analyzes the livelihood risk transmission mechanism of major public health emergencies.We summarize the livelihood security measures of major countries in the world to respond to the epidemic,and put forward suggestions to strengthen the livelihood security system of China.The people’s livelihood risks brought by the epidemic are as follows:high risks of the employment vulnerability and unemployment,the decline of residents’income,the pressure of rising prices,the increase of living costs,the significant increase of the Engel’s coefficient for lowincome families,and the common problems of children’s education and family care.The COVID-19 challenges the people’s livelihood security and assistance system,and highlights some shortcomings.In response to the impact of major public health emergencies,we should take overall measures,implement the principle that employment is the foundation of people’s livelihood,give priority to the use of inclusive relief policies,establish a universal basic income system,focus on ensuring lowincome and poor groups,and improve and innovate social support policies.
作者
程杰
曲玥
贾朋
向晶
CHENG Jie;QU Yue;JIA Peng;XIANG Jing(Institute of Population and Labor Economics,The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100028,China)
出处
《福祉研究》
2020年第1期14-33,共20页
Welfare Research
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(71673295)
关键词
新冠肺炎疫情
民生
社会保障
社会救助体系
COVID-19
the people’s livelihood
social security
social assistance system
作者简介
程杰(1983-),安徽省人,博士,副研究员,主要从事劳动经济与社会保障研究;曲玥(1982-),辽宁省人,博士,副研究员,主要从事劳动经济研究;贾朋(1985-),山东省人,博士,副研究员,主要从事劳动经济研究;向晶(1985-),湖北省人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事人力资源研究。
