摘要
网络版权内容过滤措施已经成为预防网络版权侵权的强有力工具,有望彻底改造现有网络安全港规则。它在过滤侵权内容的同时,也可能妨碍公众发表合法言论,引发言论保护方面的关切。由于版权侵权言论本身不受保护,同时"思想表达二分"、合理使用例外等版权规则已充分考虑言论保护的需求,决策者在设计内容过滤措施时无需考虑独立的言论保护抗辩。版权内容过滤措施属于内容中立的措施,应采用比较宽松的标准进行审查。只要网络服务商将过滤对象限制在复制作品实质部分后的传播行为,选择合理的内容过滤标准,并配以必要的人工补救措施,则内容过滤措施能够通过言论保护规则的审查。另外,网络服务商主动过度过滤的可能性微乎其微。版权内容过滤虽然属于限制言论的事前措施,但并不会实质增加公众发表合法言论的成本。从言论保护的角度看,版权法要求部分网络服务商承担版权内容过滤义务,是合理的制度选择。
Content filtering technologies have become a powerful tool for Internet service providers to prevent copyright infringement in cyberspace,and might lead to a complete overhaul of current Internet safe harbor rules.While filtering out infringing contents,such a tool might also restrict protected speech of the public,therefore raise concerns about its threat to freedom of speech.Since copyright-infringing content is not protected speech,and copyright law rules,such as the idea-expression dichotomy and fair use doctrine,already prevent copyright from running afoul of freedom of speech,decision makers,when designing copyright filtering systems,need not to consider a separate freedom-of-speech defense under copyright law.Copyright filtering systems are content-neutral and should be subject to intermediate or mid-level scrutiny.As long as a content filtering system is designed to filter only contents that embed a material part of copyrighted works with a reasonable filtering standard,and implements necessary manual measures to correct false filtering,it should be able to pass intermediate scrutiny under the law of free speech.The possibility for Internet service providers to over-filter is very slim.Although copyright filtering is a prior restraint on speech,it would not substantially increase the general public’s cost of speech.Therefore,requiring Internet service providers to implement copyright filtering systems would be a reasonable institutional choice under the law of free speech.
出处
《中外法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期305-326,共22页
Peking University Law Journal
基金
国家社科基金资助项目“网络版权内容过滤措施的法律规制”(项目编号:16BFX140)的阶段性成果
关键词
版权侵权
内容过滤
言论保护
间接审查
事前限制
Copyright Infringement
Content Filtering
Freedom of Speech
Collateral Censorship
Prior Restraint
作者简介
崔国斌,清华大学法学院副教授。
