省、自治区人大常委会的合宪性审查?——以设区的市地方性法规审批为例被引量：2

A Constitutionality Review of People's Congress Standing Committee of a Province or Autonomous Region?—An Investigation of the Examination and Approval System of Local Regulations of Cities Divided into Districts

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摘要在我国,合宪性审查可以从纵向维度分为中央和地方两个层次。除全国人大及其常委会外,省、自治区人大常委会也有权进行合宪性审查,其具体形式为设区的市地方性法规的审批制度。不与《宪法》相抵触是设区的市地方性法规获得批准从而得以公布施行的前提。这一类合宪性审查的直接规范依据包括《宪法》第100条第2款、《立法法》第72条第2款和《地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府组织法》(以下简称《地方组织法》)第7条第2款。在现阶段,省、自治区人大常委会的合宪性审查具有特殊功效。作为分散式审查,它能够在一定程度上提升工作效能,满足社会各界的现实需求。作为事前型审查,它有助于实现经常性的宪法监督,预先"过滤"掉明显不合宪的地方性法规。作为柔性审查,它一般不会产生"不予批准"的决定,可以减少阻力,比较便宜易行。然而,这一类合宪性审查并不理想,鲜有实例。它存在若干局限,有待于完善和推进。 From the vertical perspective,China's constitutionality review could be divided into central level and local one.In addition to the National Snwie People's Congress and its standing committee,the people's congress standing committee of a province or autonomous region also have the authority of constitutionality review,the concrete form of which is the examination and approval system of local regulations of cities divided into districts.A precondition for local regulations of cities divided into districts to be promulgated for implementation is that it does not contravene the Constitution.The direct legal basis of this constitutionality review includes Paragraph 2 of Article 100 of the Constitution,Paragraph 2 of Article 72 of the Legislation Law and Paragraph 2 of Article 7 of the Organic Law of the Local People's Congresses and Local People's Governments.At this stage,the constitutionality review of people's congress standing committee of a province or autonomous region has special effects.As a decentralized review,to some extent it could improve the work efficiency and meet the community's practical demand.As a prior review,it helps to realize the routine constitutional supervision and"filter"apparently unconstitutional local regulations.As a soft review,it hardly results in decisions"refuse to approve",moreover,it faces less resistance so it is easier to be carried out.However,the constitutionality review is not well implemented and has few examples.It has some limitations so it must be improved and promoted.

作者邹奕 Zou Yi

机构地区四川大学法学院

出处《人大法律评论》 2020年第2期165-185,共21页 Renmin University Law Review

基金四川大学法学院“研究阐释党的十九届四中全会精神”专项研究课题“省、自治区人大常委会的合宪性审查”(课题项目号:sculaw20190209)的研究成果

关键词省、自治区人大常委会合宪性审查设区的市地方性法规 people's congress standing committee of a province or autonomous region constitutionality review city divided into districts local regulation

分类号 D624 [政治法律—中外政治制度] D921 [政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]

作者简介邹奕,四川大学法学院副教授