经济间谍规制中国家安全与商业秘密保护的冲突与协调——基于美国《经济间谍法》的实践反思被引量：15

Conflict and Coordination between National Security and Trade Secrets Protection in the Regulation of Economic Espionage——Reflection on the Practice of U.S. Economic Espionage Act

原文传递

导出

摘要技术作为现代国家竞争的关键场域使得经济间谍法律规制成为必要。国家安全机制与商业秘密保护机制之间的冲突是经济间谍法律规制需要解决的核心问题。二者的冲突根源于规制目标与运作逻辑方面的重大差异。美国《经济间谍法》现行规制路径对国家安全机制与商业秘密保护机制进行错配,导致经济间谍法律规制的失灵与反竞争效果。为弥合二者间冲突,需要实现国家安全信息管控机制与商业秘密保护目标的衔接。一方面,需要通过商业秘密国家安全评估与清单管理制度、权利人的国家安全义务以及权利企业与国家安全机构之间的信息合作机制建立国家安全机制的运行条件。另一方面,应当充分尊重商业秘密保护机制的运作原理,在经济间谍罪的行为界定中排除国家安全因素的设置,而在商业秘密国家安全评估、调查防御以及审查起诉中为国家安全的"政治考量"预留充足空间。对于由外国政府主导实施的窃密行为,则可直接适用传统国家安全机制予以规制。 Technology has been a key field of competition in modern countries,which makes it necessary for the legal regulation ofeconomic espionage.The conflict between national security mechanism and trade secret protection mechanism is the core issuethat economic espionage legal regulation needs to address,which stems from significant differences in regulatory objectives andoperational logic between the two.The current regulatory path of the U.S.Economic Espionage Act mismatches these two mechanisms,finally resulting in its malfunction and at the same time its anti-competitive effects.In order to bridge the conflict,it isnecessary to link the national security information control mechanism with protection of trade secrets.On one hand,it is necessaryto establish the operating conditions of the national security mechanism through the national security assessment and trade secretlist management system,the national security obligations of the right holders,and the information cooperation mechanism betweenthe right holders and the national security agency.On the other hand,the operating principle of the trade secret protection mechanism should be fully respected by excluding the setting of national security factors in the definition of economic espionage crime.Thorough political considerations of national security should be secured during the process of national security assessment,crimedefense and investigation,review and prosecution.For the theft of secrets led by foreign governments,traditional national securitymechanism can be directly applied.

作者曹亚伟 CAO Yawei(Law School,Ocean University of China,Qingdao Shandong 266100,China)

机构地区中国海洋大学法学院

出处《法学论坛》 CSSCI 北大核心 2021年第3期148-160,共13页 Legal Forum

基金国家社会科学基金青年项目《贸易摩擦背景下美国技术安全立法走向及我国应对策略研究》(19CFX081)的阶段性成果

关键词经济间谍国家安全商业秘密双阶规制 economic espionage national security trade secrets double-level regulation

分类号 D971.2 [政治法律—法学] DD912.29 [政治法律]

作者简介曹亚伟(1987-),男,山东淄博人,法学博士,中国海洋大学法学院讲师,师资博士后,中国海洋大学海洋发展研究院研究员,主要研究方向:国际法学、国际经济法学