摘要
我国《民法典》第533条正式确立了情事变更制度。在风险分配的视角下,有必要对该条款中的"重新协商""变更"和"解除"进行重新检视。情事变更制度实质上涉及的是对异常风险的分配,无论是当事人间的重新协商,还是法院对合同的变更或解除,均旨在实现对异常风险进行分配的目标。从"重新协商"的功能出发,应贯彻私法自治原则并降低交易成本,不宜将重新协商义务化或权利化,而应将其作为一种倡导性程序。法院应依据"合同目的""合同整体""交易习惯""诚实信用原则"对合同进行变更或解除,即通过补充解释填补因情事变更出现的合同漏洞,公平地分配风险。解除合同后的损失原则上应由双方当事人平均分担,例外情况下可根据双方的经济能力以及是否有投保等因素进行调整。
Article 533 of the Civil Code formally establishes the system of change of circumstances.From the perspective of risk distribution,it is necessary to re-examine"renegotiation","modify"and"rescind".The change of circumstances essentially involves the allocation of the abnormal risks.Whether it is the renegotiation of the parties or the modification or termination of the contract by the court,it is aimed at achieving that goal.Starting from the function of renegotiation,the principle of autonomy of private law should be implemented,and transaction costs should be reduced.It is not appropriate to make renegotiation an obligation or a right,which should be used as an advocacy procedure.The court shall modify or rescind the contract in accordance with"purpose of the contract","the contract as a whole","trading habits"and"the principle of good faith",which means that supplementary interpretation should be used to fill the contract loopholes caused by changes of circumstances so that the risks can be allocated fairly.In principle,the loss after the termination of contract should be allocated fairly by both parties.In exceptional circumstances,adjustments can be made according to the economic capacity of both parties and whether they have insurance or other factors.
出处
《法制与社会发展》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期169-188,共20页
Law and Social Development
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“消费者保护视角下瑕疵信息责任研究”(16CFX055)的阶段性成果
关键词
情事变更
风险分配
重新协商
补充解释
损失分担
Change of Circumstances
Risk Distribution
Renegotiation
Supplementary Interpretation
Loss Sharing
作者简介
尚连杰,南京大学法学院副教授,南京大学中德法学研究所研究员
