摘要
《民法典》中“合同目的”关涉合同解释、合同履行等部分,而其不能实现又是法定解除权的核心所在。但关于其价值定位与判断方式呈现模糊不清的面向,现有的文义解释法与历史解释法均存在一定局限性。合同构成理论将对当事人应有合意的发掘作为合同编诸制度的核心,彰显了“合同目的”立法术语的体系价值所在。因此必然要通过类型化的方式对其进行解构,典型交易目的是合同原因在意思表示结构中的具体呈现,特殊交易目的是当事人主观意图进入规范评价体系内的通道。除当事人明确约定外,仍然有作为合同基础的主观目的存在,这涉及法定解除权与情事变更的制度关联。在判断路径上,应当注重商事合同与民事合同的差异性,对关联合同中目的范围扩张的现象应当严格控制,而混合合同中的判断路径应遵循其内部牵连程度来确定。
The“purpose of contract”in the Civil Code is related to the interpretation and performance of the contract,and its failure to realize is the core of the statutory right of rescission.However,its value orientation and judgment methods are ambiguous,and the existing methods of literal interpretation and historical interpretation have some limitations.The theory of contract constitution takes the exploration of the parties’agreement as the core of the contract compilation system,which highlights the systematic value of the legislative term“purpose of contract”.Under its basic structure:the typical transaction purpose is the concrete presentation of the contract reason in the structure of intention expression,and the special transaction purpose is the channel for the subjective intention of the parties to enter into the normative evaluation system.In addition to the explicit agreement of the parties,there is still a subjective purpose as the basis of the contract,which involves the institutional connection between the statutory right of rescission and the change of circumstances.In the judgment path,we should pay attention to the differences between commercial contract and civil contract,and the expansion of the scope of purpose in the affiliated contract should be strictly controlled,and the judgment path in mixed contract should be determined according to the degree of internal involvement.
出处
《中山大学法律评论》
2021年第1期200-223,共24页
Sun Yatsen University Law Review
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“优化市场化法治化国际化营商环境研究”(21AZD030)的资助
关键词
合同目的
法定解除权
履行障碍
合同构成理论
《民法典》合同编
Purpose of Contract
Statutory Right of Rescission
Interference of Performance
The Theory of Contract Constitution
Contract Compilation of Civil Code
作者简介
王萌,武汉大学法学院2020级民商法学硕士研究生,武汉大学法学院民商事法律科学研究中心研究人员,研究领域为合同法学。
