摘要
行政活动中的个人信息权益具备程序和实体双重构造。针对行政机关违法处理个人信息、侵害个人信息权益的行为,信息主体可以主张间接与直接两种救济路径,前者侧重于对后续行政行为的结果审查,后者侧重于对个人信息处理过程的风险控制。在间接救济维度,在行政机关利用个人信息作出行政行为后,信息主体可以针对该行政行为寻求救济,由法院或行政复议机关对个人信息处理行为的合法性进行判断。在直接救济维度,为了规制个人信息处理风险,监督行政机关遵守个人信息处理规则,信息主体可以主张查阅、更正、删除等权利,并在遭受拒绝时寻求行政救济,此时应当充分发挥履行个人信息保护职责部门的作用。如果个人信息处理风险已经现实化为具体损害,则信息主体也有权直接要求行政机关承担国家赔偿责任。间接与直接两种救济路径在具体适用中存在一定的紧张关系。为避免叠床架屋,应当审查信息主体行使个人信息主体权利的必要性,并在此基础上完善间接与直接两种救济路径之间的衔接程序。
The rights and interests relating to personal information in administrative activities have both procedural and substantive structures.In response to the illegal processing of personal information and infringement of rights and interests to personal information by administrative organs,subjects have indirect and direct remedial paths:the former focuses on the review of the results of subsequent administrative acts,while the latter focuses on the risk control of personal information processing.In the indirect relief dimension,after an administrative organ uses personal information to make an administrative act,the subject may apply for remedy against the administrative act,and the court or administrative review organ will judge the legality of the processing of personal information.In the direct relief dimension,to regulate the risk of personal information processing and supervise the administrative organ to comply with the processing rules,the subject can claim the right to access,correct and delete.If the claim is refused,the subject can directly file an administrative remedy.At this point,the role of the department responsible for personal information protection should be fully utilized.If the risk of information processing has been realized as concrete damage,the subject also has the right to directly request the administrative organ to bear the state compensation responsibility.There is a certain tension between the two paths in terms of specific application.To avoid unnecessary repetition,it is necessary to examine the necessity for subjects to exercise their personal information rights,and on this basis,improve the procedures for connecting the indirect and direct remedial paths.
出处
《法制与社会发展》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第5期206-224,共19页
Law and Social Development
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“社会信用体系的法律保障机制研究”(21&ZD199)的阶段性成果
关键词
个人信息权益
个人信息处理
个人信息主体权利
程序性行为
Personal Information Rights
Personal Information Processing
Rights of Personal Information Subjects
Procedural Behavior
作者简介
黄智杰,北京大学法学院博士研究生。
