野生动物保护立法与构建重大疫情防控体系分析——对国家野生动物保护法再修订的思考

Analysis on the Relationship between Wildlife Protection Legislation and Major Epidemic Prevention and Control in China——Discussion on the Revision of the National Wildlife Protection Law

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摘要席卷全球的新冠肺炎疫情给世界政治、经济、文化和交通等领域带来重大的冲击,尤其在公共卫生安全、人类生命安全和生物安全等方面带来重创,滥食野生动物的行为作为可能造成这场疫病的根源之一,是继2003年中国发生非典疫情后,野生动物保护再次成为被公众热议的社会话题。在疫情传播过程中发现,野生动物保护有关立法方面存在的不足明显地暴露出来,从动物保护对象、监管范围、检疫办法和食用政策到法律责任的承担均存在诸多疏漏,国家野生动物保护法的全面性和合理性遭到质疑,修改国家野生动物保护法的呼声日益高涨。立法应该通过科学协调国家、企业及个人利益,修改法律责任认定标准和处罚幅度,并充分权衡各方因素,完善相应法律法规条款,提高人类防范突发公共卫生事件,有效提升应对各种疫情的水平和质量。因此,再次修订国家野生动物保护法,应该提升科学立法的理念,摒弃“人类中心主义”影响;注重动物疫病预防体系,不遗漏任何一个环节;借鉴国外优秀立法经验,科学构建国家野生动物保护法。 The COVID-19 epidemic sweeping the world has brought about a huge impact on the world’s political,economic,cultural and transportation sectors,especially on public health security,human life security and biosecurity.It is evident that this epidemic might be caused by the behavior of recklessly eating wild animals,which brings about the social topic of wildlife protection being widely discussed by the public again since the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes(SARS)in 2003.During this epidemic,many shortcomings of the present-day wildlife protection legislation related to the protection object,supervision scope,quarantine measures,food policies,and legal responsibilities were exposed,and the call to amend the Law on the Protection of Wildlife has been on the rise.In this paper,three main parts that need to be revised for Law on the Protection of Wildlife are discussed,including the protection scope of animals,the legal provisions and responsibility,the administration enforcement body and supervision scope.For the revision of Law on the Protection of Wildlife,countermeasures recommended in this study are:i)to enhance the concept of scientific legislation and abandon the influence of"anthropocentrism";ii)pay attention to building a reasonable animal disease prevention system covering all around aspects;iii)learn from foreign advanced legislative models and scientifically revise the Law on the Protection of Wildlife.

作者王怿凡裴兆斌 WANG Yi-fan;PEI Zhao-bin(School of Law,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,Liaoning Province,China;School of Marine Law and Humanities,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,Liaoning Province,China)

机构地区大连海事大学法学院大连海洋大学海洋法律与人文学院

出处《沈阳农业大学学报（社会科学版）》 2021年第6期713-719,共7页 Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基金辽宁省教育科学“十三五”规划立项重点课题“新时代海洋强国背景下海洋法治人才培养体系创新与实践”(JG20DA003) 辽宁省新文科研究与改革实践项目“文农交叉融合视角下卓越海洋法治人才培养创新与实践研究”(辽教办[2021]133号) 辽宁省教育厅科学研究经费项目“我省涉外渔业管控困境及法律对策研究”(DW201903) 教育部备案国别与区域研究中心项目“东北亚海洋法律与政策研究”(GQ17091)

关键词野生动物保护法法律修订动物疫病立法模式疫病预防 Wild Animal Conservation Law law amendment animal epidemic disease legislative model Epidemic Disease Prevention and Control

分类号 D922.68 [政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]

作者简介第一作者:王怿凡(1996-),女,大连海事大学硕士研究生,从事刑法学研究;通讯作者:裴兆斌(1968-),男,大连海洋大学教授,博士,从事刑法学、行政法学和渔业法研究。