摘要
目的噪声是工作场所中常见的职业病危害因素。其除可对工人听觉系统产生特异性损伤外,还可危害其心血管系统,造成严重的疾病负担。职业性噪声对工人心血管系统的影响机制主要为氧化应激、炎症和血管内皮损伤;其作为应激源,主要导致交感-肾上腺髓质系统和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的变化,其中起重要作用的物质包括儿茶酚胺、皮质醇、血管紧张素Ⅱ、内皮素-1、内皮型一氧化氮合酶和白细胞介素-6等。职业性噪声接触可导致工人血压升高、心电图异常和血脂升高,影响因素包括噪声特征(强度、累积噪声暴露量、频率)和噪声联合其他职业病危害因素(如高温、电焊烟尘、有机溶剂、手传振动、倒班/轮班等)。但受到研究条件、实验设计等因素的影响,部分结论仍存在一定局限性,未来需要更多前瞻性、综合性的研究验证相关结论。
Noise is a common occupational hazardous factor in the workplace.In addition to the specific damage to the auditory system of workers,it can also harm the cardiovascular system and cause a serious disease burden.The mechanism of occupational noise on the cardiovascular system of workers is mainly oxidative stress,inflammation and vascular endothelial damage.As a stressor,noise mainly leads to the changes of sympathoadrenal-medullary system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.The substances that play an important role include catecholamines,cortisol,angiotensinⅡ,endothelin-1,endothelial nitric oxide synthase and interleukin-6.The population epidemiological studies have shown that occupational noise exposure can lead to elevated blood pressure,abnormal electrocardiogram and elevated blood lipids in workers.The influencing factors include noise characteristics(intensity,cumulative noise exposure,and frequency)and noise combined with other occupational hazards(such as high temperature,welding fumes,organic solvents,hand-transmitted vibration,and work shifts).However,due to the influence of research conditions,experimental design and other factors,some research conclusions still have limitations.More prospective and comprehensive studies are needed to verify the relevant conclusions in the future.
作者
王淼
刘涛
曾强
WANG Miao;LIU Tao;ZENG Qiang(School of Public Health,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300070,China;不详)
出处
《中国职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第6期707-711,共5页
China Occupational Medicine
基金
天津市医学重点建设学科(TJYXZDXK-066B)
天津市卫生健康科技项目重点项目(TJWJ2021ZD004)
关键词
噪声
职业接触
心血管系统
工人
影响机制
流行病学
研究进展
Noise
Occupational exposure
Cardiovascular system
Workers
Impact mechanism
Epidemiology
Research progress
作者简介
王淼(1999—),女,在读公共卫生硕士研究生,主要从事职业流行病学研究;通讯作者:曾强,主任医师,E-mail:tjcdczys@163.com
