摘要
目的分析2020—2023年广东省重点行业工作场所职业病危害因素监测情况。方法通过中国疾病预防控制系统子系统“工作场所职业病危害因素监测系统”,收集2020—2023年广东省20个重点行业工作场所职业病危害因素监测数据,对其职业病危害因素监测、职业卫生培训、职业健康检查、职业防护和职业病危害因素(粉尘、化学因素和噪声等)检测情况进行分析。结果2020—2023年广东省共监测13058家重点行业企业。其中,大、中、小、微型企业分别有290、1342、7635和3791家,企业规模以小、微型企业为主,分别占58.5%和29.0%;职业病危害因素检测超标企业7542家,超标率为57.8%。13058家企业涉及劳动者1942517人,其中接触职业病危害因素劳动者835567人,接害率为43.0%。企业负责人、职业卫生管理人员、劳动者接受职业卫生培训率分别为71.9%、73.8%和86.5%。接触噪声、粉尘和化学因素的劳动者职业健康检查异常率分别为2.0%、0.6%和1.0%。企业防尘口罩、防毒口罩或面具、防噪声耳塞或耳罩的发放率分别为83.3%、71.3%和77.8%;防尘设施、防毒设施、防噪声设施的设置率分别为85.6%、81.2%和50.1%。各类职业病危害因素中,粉尘、噪声岗位/工种和工作场所超标率均呈逐年下降趋势(P值均<0.01),化学因素岗位/工种超标率和工作场所超标率均呈逐年上升趋势(P值均<0.01)。结论广东省重点行业工作场所职业病危害因素比较普遍,接触职业病危害因素劳动者占比较高,需进一步完善防噪声设施和个人防护装备的使用,加强全省企业职业卫生培训、职业病危害因素定期监测,以降低发生职业病的风险。
Objective To understand the monitoring result of occupational hazard in the workplace of key industries in Guangdong Province from 2020 to 2023.Methods The data of occupational hazards in the workplace of 20 key industries in Guangdong Province from 2020 to 2023 were collected from the“Workplace Occupational Hazard Monitoring System”of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control System subsystem.The monitoring result of occupational hazard factors,occupational health training,occupational health examination,occupational protection,detection of occupational hazardous agents such as dust,chemical substances and noise were analyzed.Results A total of 13058 enterprises from key industries were recruited as the monitoring subjects in Guangdong Province.There were 290 large-,1342 medium-,7635 small-,and 3791 microenterprises,with small and micro-enterprises accounting for 58.5%and 29.0%of the total,respectively.A total of 7542enterprises exceeded the national standard in the detection of occupational hazards,with a rate of 57.8%.A total of 1942517workers from 13058 enterprises were recruited,with 835567 workers were exposed to occupational hazards,with a rate of 43.0%.The rate of occupational health training for enterprise leaders,occupational health management personnel,and workers was 71.9%,73.8%,and 86.5%,respectively.The abnormal rate of occupational health examinations for workers exposed to noise,dust,and chemical agents was 2.0%,0.6%,and 1.0%,respectively.The distribution rate of dust masks,anti-poisoning masks or face masks,and noise prevention earplugs or earmuffs was 83.3%,71.3%,and 77.8%,respectively.The rate of installation of dust prevention facilities,anti-poisoning facilities,and noise prevention facilities was 85.6%,81.2%,and 50.1%,respectively.The rate of exceeded the national standard of dust,noise in the worksites/types and workplaces showed a decreasing trend year by year(all P<0.01),while the rate of exceeded the national standard of chemical agents in worksites/types and workplaces showed an increasing trend year by year in various occupational hazards(all P<0.01).Conclusion Occupational hazards in the workplace of key industries in Guangdong Province are relatively common.The proportion of workers exposed to occupational hazards is relatively high.It is necessary to further improve the use of noise prevention facilities and protective equipment,strengthen occupational health training for enterprises throughout the province and regularly monitor occupational hazards to reduce the risk of occupational diseases.
作者
戎伟丰
谢佐菲
何嘉恒
袁静
胡嘉雯
蒙瑞波
吴邦华
RONG Weifeng;XIE Zuofei;HE Jiaheng;YUAN Jing;HU Jiawen;MENG Ruibo;WU Banghua(Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510300,China;不详)
出处
《中国职业医学》
CAS
2024年第1期54-59,共6页
China Occupational Medicine
基金
广东省自然科学基金(2020A1515010893)。
作者简介
戎伟丰(1984-),男,卫生检验与检疫硕士,主任技师,主要从事职业卫生检测与质量控制工作;通信作者:吴邦华,主任技师,E-mail:wubanghua@163.com。
