摘要
回溯中国地震灾害管理体系半个多世纪的建设发展,中国完成了防震减灾专项立法工作,建设了结构完整的全国地震应急预案体系,成立优化了地震灾害管理部门结构,建立健全了监测预报、震害防御和紧急救援三大工作体系,在某些方面甚至引领了中国灾害管理体系的建设。纵观历史,对不确定性地震灾害风险的制度应对是整个体系建设的底层逻辑,重大地震灾害事件和顶层制度变革是体系变迁的主要动力来源。当前,在“两个坚持、三个转变”防灾减灾救灾新理念指引下,在主动适应“全灾种、大应急”应急管理体制建设要求下,如何优化发展路径,应对当前制度变迁、组织架构、权力配置、多主体与全过程管理中的诸多挑战,是新时代中国地震灾害管理体系建设需要面对的新议题。
Looking back on the development of China's earthquake disaster management system(CEDMS),it can be categorized into four stages:the initial bud stage,a phase of steady development,systematic advancement,and the current new era.Over the past half-century,China has achieved significant milestones in enhancing its resilience to earthquake disasters.Notable accomplishments include the enactment of the“Law of the People's Republic of China on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters,”the creation of a comprehensive national earthquake emergency response plan system,and the optimization of the organizational structure of the CEDMS.Furthermore,China has established and refined three pivotal work systems:earthquake monitoring and forecasting,earthquake disaster mitigation and prevention,and emergency rescue.Notably,to some extent,the CEDMS has played a leading role in shaping China's overall disaster management system.Throughout history,the establishment of appropriate management systems to address the unpredictable risks associated with earthquake disasters has been the fundamental driving force behind institutional change.Major earthquake disaster events and high-level institutional adjustments have served as the primary drivers of these transformations.In the present,guided by the innovative concept of disaster risk reduction and comprehensive emergency management,the CEDMS faces the imperative to address challenges related to organizational structure,power allocation,and the imperative of involving all stakeholders and encompassing all phases of disaster management.
出处
《中国应急管理科学》
2023年第11期53-65,共13页
Journal of China Emergency Management Science
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目“地震舆论场的区域差异及其风险沟通策略研究”(72204051)
中国地震局重大政策理论与实践问题研究课题“防震减灾科普全媒体传播格局构建研究”(CEAZY2023JZ08)
关键词
地震灾害
管理体系
历史进路
变迁动力
现实挑战
Earthquake Disaster
Management System
Historical Development
Dynamics of Change
Current Challenges
作者简介
孙磊,复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院副研究员,清华大学应急管理研究基地兼职研究人员。
