表见代理型骗财案被害人的认定与罪名辨析被引量：6

On the Determination of the Victim in the Apparent-Agency-Style Fraud Cases and the Analysis of Applicable Charges

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摘要基于表见代理而骗财的场合,相对人“得其所欲”,实现了其交易目的,从而未发生财产损失,行为人不成立对相对人的二者间的(合同)诈骗。表见代理人的行为因不符合“利用职务上的便利”这一构成要件要素,同时其对财产的占有是通过欺骗手段从相对人处骗得的,行为指向的对象是相对人的财产,而非被代理人的财产,故而不成立职务侵占罪。表见代理人从相对人处受领财产,意味着被代理人对相对人的债权消灭(因而遭受了财产损失),但该债权的消灭并非表见代理人转移了占有的结果,相反,系因表见代理人通过欺骗行为,使得相对人陷于错误认识而交付财产的结果,所以不成立对被代理人的债权之盗窃。从行为构造上看,表见代理人出于非法占有的目的,欺骗相对人,使之陷入错误认识而处分其财产,导致被代理人遭受财产损失,构成三角诈骗。不同于传统的三角诈骗,作为受骗者的相对人虽处分了自己的财产,只因表见代理制度强制赋予了被代理人承担授权之责的效果,其交付了财产或者承担了民事债务,但未获得相应的对价,因而发生财产损失,构成新型的三角诈骗。 In the situation of fraud based on apparent agency,the counter-party"gets what he wants",realizes the transaction purpose and suffers no loss of property,thus the perpetrator does not constitute a(contract)fraud against the counter-party.The apparent agent’s conduct does not constitute the crime of duty-related embezzlement because it does not satisfy the constituent element of"taking advantage of the duty"and his occupation of the property is obtained through deception from the counter-party,with the object of his conduct being the counter-party’s property rather than the principal’s property.The apparent agent obtains property from the counter-party,which means that the principal’s creditor’s right against the counter-party is extinguished rather than that the occupation of the principal’s creditor’s right is transferred,thus the crime of theft is not established.From the perspective of behavioral structure,the apparent agent deceives the counter-party for the purpose of illegal occupation,makes the counter-party fall into the wrongful understanding and thus dispose his property,leading to the principal’s loss of property,thus the crime of triangle fraud is constituted.Unlike the traditional triangle fraud,the counter-party as the deceived person disposes of his own property,and because the system on the apparent agency compulsorily imposes the effect of undertaking the responsibility of authorization,the principal delivers the property or assumes the civil debt,but does not obtain corresponding consideration,and then suffers the loss of property,a new type of triangle fraud is constituted.

作者钱叶六 QIAN Yeliu

机构地区华东师范大学法学院

出处《政治与法律》 CSSCI 北大核心 2023年第1期52-66,共15页 Political Science and Law

基金国家社科基金项目“法秩序统一视野下刑民交叉问题体系性研究”(项目编号:20BFX055)的阶段性成果

关键词法秩序统一性原理表见代理权利外观责任实质的个别财产损失说职务侵占三角诈骗 The Principle of Unity of Legal Order Apparent Agency Responsibility for the Appearance of Right the Theory of Substantial Loss of Individual Property Duty-related Embezzlement Triangular Fraud

分类号 D924.3 [政治法律—刑法学]

作者简介钱叶六,华东师范大学法学院教授、博士生导师。