摘要
国家应急管理体系是一个功能型的"梁"和赋能型的"柱"相互搭配的梁柱结构。本文采取"结构-时间"分析方法,通过分析官方文献,来刻画新中国成立以来我国"国家应急管理体系"概念的发展过程和演变轨迹。研究表明,以2003年抗击非典、2012年党的十八大召开、2018年应急管理部组建为标志,"国家应急管理体系"概念在我国先后主要经历了四个发展阶段:以分类管理为主的酝酿期(2003年抗击非典之前),以应急管理体系为统领("4+1"结构)的创立期(2003年抗击非典后至2012年党的十八大),以公共安全体系为统领("4+1+1"结构)的拓展期(2012年党的十八大后至2018年应急管理部组建),以应急管理体系(2.0版)为统领("1.5+0.5+1"结构)的调整期(2018年应急管理部组建后),整个概念的演变过程呈现螺旋式上升的特点。2020年抗击新冠肺炎疫情推动国家应急管理体系重新调整为"2.5+1+1"结构,未来是否会调整为"3+1+1"结构甚至"4+1+1"结构有待进一步观察。
The national emergency management system(NEMS)is a kind of beam-column structure with the combination of functional"beam"and enabling"column".This paper adopts the narrative framework of"structure-time"and analyzes the official literature to depict the evolution process of the concept of NEMS since the founding of new China.It is found that,marked by the fight against SARS in 2003,the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CCP)in 2012 and the establishment of the Emergency Management Ministry(EMM)in 2018,the concept of NEMS has experienced four stages in China:the gestation period of classified management(before the fight against SARS in 2003),the establishment period of"4+1"structure dominated by the NEMS(1.0)(from fighting against SARS in 2003 to the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012),the expansion period(from the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012 to the establishment of the EMM in 2018)dominated by the public security system(4+1+1 structure),and the adjustment period(after the establishment of the EMM in 2018)dominated by the NEMS(2.0).The evolution of the concept presents the characteristics of spiral ascending.The fighting against the Covid-19 in 2020 has promoted the readjustment of the NEMS to the"2.5+1+1"structure.Whether it will be adjusted to the"3+1+1"structure or even the"4+1+1"structure in the future needs to be further investigated.
作者
钟开斌
Zhong Kaibin(National Institute of Emergency Management,The Central Party School of the Communist Party of China(China National Academy of Governance),Beijing 100089)
出处
《中国行政管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期122-129,共8页
Chinese Public Administration
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“基于‘情景-应对’的城市综合风险治理体系研究”(编号:17BZZ038)
国家自然科学基金项目“突发事件情境下组织间协同研判行为分析与模式优化研究”(编号:71774098)
关键词
国家应急管理体系
梁柱结构
概念演变
“结构-时间”分析方法
螺旋式上升
national emergency management system
concept evolution
beam-column structure
"structural-time"analytical framework
spiral ascending
作者简介
钟开斌,中央党校(国家行政学院)应急管理教研部教授,博士生导师,清华大学中国应急管理研究基地兼职研究员,北京100089
