摘要
韩非子对人性的理解,比通常所说的性恶论要复杂得多。他承认人性中有善的一面,并且在物质丰富的条件下,它足以让人类处于和平状态。但在物质匮乏的条件下,人类朴素的善心失效,利害计算成为人行动的主要驱动力。绝大多数人只能对眼前的物质利益进行计算,只有少数人才有能力进行长远物质利益计算。除了理性能力外,人类还有其独有的虚荣,这构成了人类行动的次要驱动力。韩非子承认,极少数人可以发自内心地超越利害、追求道德,但他们是国家制度的破坏者,不应推崇。在趋利与避害之间,韩非子认为避害比趋利更具有驱动力,这是他推崇重罚少赏的一个原因。
Han Feizi’s understanding of human nature is far more complicated than doctrine of evil human nature.He acknowledges that there is kindness in human nature,and it could render people to live peacefully in affluence.But in scarcity,the goodness in human nature becomes ineffective,and the pursuit of material profit becomes the main driver of human actions.While the majority can only calculate short-term material interests,the minority can do long-term planning.Besides,vanity,a unique quality of human,is a secondary driving force of human actions.Han Feizi acknowledges that only a handful of people can transcend the pursuit of material profits and vanity,and hold onto virtues instead.However,these people are the disruptors of political regime,and should not be encouraged.Han Feizi argues that the avoidance of harm is a more powerful driving force,compared with the pursuit of profit,in which he emphasizes punishment rather than reward in regulating people’s behaviors.
出处
《哲学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第4期56-66,128,共12页
Philosophical Research
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“古今中西参照下的《韩非子》政治哲学研究”(编号17BZX053)的阶段性成果
