摘要
本文采用双重比较视角,利用抽样调查数据,系统论述了少数民族流动人口的基本样貌与发展困境,探讨城市少数民族流动人口社会治理启示。结果表明,流动人口内部的差异既呈现于少数民族—汉族流动人口之间,更体现在不同少数民族之中:在各民族中,汉族流动人口各种特性值居中间水平;相反,尽管不同少数民族流动人口具有类似性,但他们之间的差距更大。“邻近”流动的特性进一步固化了少数民族流动人口内部的社会分层:北方少数民族流动人口的发展基础与发展状况更好,西部少数民族流动人口面临更大的发展困境。因此,在关注少数民族流动人口时,不能把所有民族视为一个同质性群体仅与汉族流动人口进行比较,而应重视民族内部的异质性和各民族的主体性,用关联的视角来看待民族属性与流动特性。地域流动是经济社会发展不平衡不充分和各族民众追求美好生活的结果,他们旨在通过横向的空间位移,实现纵向的社会流动,但既有的资本禀赋与流入的地理空间,对流入人口再次进行筛选与阶层划分。改善少数民族人口中这批勇立潮头者、文化交往的先行者、铸牢中华民族共同体意识的践行者的生存与发展境况,使之成为民族团结进步的中坚力量,既是学术研究的新方位,也是提升城市民族工作社会治理效能、推动各族人口共同富裕的重要方向。
Adopting“dual comparison”perspective and using sample survey data,the article systematically describes the basic appearance and development dilemma of ethnic migrants,and explore lessons learned of social governance for urban ethnic migrant.Results indicate that the differences within the migrants are both between ethnic minority and the Han ethnic migrants,but also between different ethnic groups:among all ethnic groups,the various characteristics of the Han migrant population rank in the middle level;on the contrary,although there are similarities between different ethnic groups,and this similarity depends on the regional spacial proximity and related customs,religious cultures and behavior patterns,yet the gap between different ethnic migrants is more significant.The characteristics of“neighborhood”mobility further solidifies the social stratification within the ethnic migrants:the development foundation and development status of ethnic migrants in northern China are better compared with elsewhere,and ethnic people in western China are facing greater development obstacles.Therefore,when analyzing ethnic migrants,we should not regard all ethnic groups as a homogeneous group and only compare them with the Han ethnic migrants,but rather we should pay attention to the internal heterogeneity and the subjectivity of various ethnic groups,and should view the ethnic attributes and mobility characteristics from the perspective of correlation.Regional mobility is the result of unbalanced and inadequate economic and social development and the pursuit of a better life by people of all ethnic groups.It aims to realize vertical social mobility through horizontal spatial displacement.However,the existing capital endowment and the inflow geographical space divide the identity and class of the inflow population again.Improve the living and development situation for those vanguards of the ethnic migrants who pioneer cultural exchanges and practice“solidifying the sense of community for Chinese nation”and make them the key force for national unity and progress,is not only a new direction for academic research,but also an important direction to improve the social governance efficiency of urban ethnic work.
作者
杨菊华
YANG Ju-hua(School of Ethnology and Sociology,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081)
出处
《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期41-55,共15页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“少数民族流动人口社会融入研究”(项目编号:21BRK004)
中央民族大学交叉学科研究专项课题(项目编号:2020MDJC01)的阶段性成果
关键词
少数民族流动人口
流动特征
居留意愿
城市民族工作
城市治理
ethnic migrants
mobility characteristics
residence willingness
urban ethnic work
urban governance
作者简介
杨菊华,中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院教授、人口与发展研究中心教授。
