摘要
《个人信息保护法》第七十条创设个人信息保护民事公益诉讼制度,是个人信息保护立法最具本土化和中国特色的贡献。第七十条作为一般性规范,原则上确立了个人信息保护民事公益诉讼的构成要件,赋予检察机关、消费者组织等主体合法的诉讼资格。但该条款的原则性、概括性规定存在个人信息保护民事公益诉讼要件之一的“众多”个人权益是否等同于社会公共利益、检察机关、消费者组织等主体提起诉讼是否存在顺位、侵害个人信息权益造成“损害”是否包含风险状态、个人信息保护民事公益诉讼是否适用惩罚性赔偿责任等问题。为提升公益诉讼实效,提起个人信息保护民事公益诉讼须满足以“损害社会公共利益”为要件,检察机关提起公益诉讼须履行诉前公告程序并作为第二顺位主体,侵害个人信息权益损害的形态中纳入危险状态,民事责任的承担上以停止侵害、赔礼道歉、赔偿损失为主,原则上不适用惩罚性赔偿性责任。
Article 70 of the Personal Information Protection Law establishes a civil public interest litigation system for personal information protection, which is the most localized and Chinese characteristic contribution to personal information protection legislation. Article 70 as a general norm, in principle, it establishes the constituent elements of civil public interest litigation for personal information protection, and grants legal litigation qualifications to subjects such as procuratorial organs and consumer organizations. However, the principle and generality of this provision provide that there are issues such as whether the “numerous” personal rights and interests, which are one of the important elements of civil public interest litigation for personal information protection, are equal to social public interests, whether there is a priority for entities such as procuratorial organs and consumer organizations to file lawsuits, whether “damage” caused by infringement of personal information rights and interests includes a risk state, and whether punitive liability for compensation is applicable to civil public interest litigation for personal information protection. In order to improve the effectiveness of public interest litigation, civil public interest litigation for personal information protection must meet the requirement of “harming the public interest of society”. Prosecutors must follow the pre litigation announcement procedure and act as the second priority subject when initiating public interest litigation. The form of damage to personal information rights and interests is included in the dangerous state. The main civil liability is to stop the infringement, apologize, and compensate for losses. In principle, punitive compensatory liability is not applicable.
出处
《法学（汉斯）》
2023年第3期1824-1831,共8页
Open Journal of Legal Science
