摘要
西伯利亚杏(Armeniaca sibirica)应用前景广阔,极具开发潜力,但花期较早,易遭受晚霜冻害导致其产量降低。本研究以晚开花西伯利亚杏为研究对象,以正常开花品种为对照,对开花物候期及花期低温冻害进行观察与统计,以便更好地指导生产实践。结果表明:2023—2024年,内蒙古和林格尔县种植的阿鲁科尔沁家系41,28西伯利亚杏正常开花花芽于3月下旬开始萌动,4月中下旬进入始花期,花期持续10~11 d,从花芽萌动至落花期共30~33 d;晚开花花芽于3月末至4月初开始萌动,4月下旬进入始花期,花期持续10~12 d;从花芽萌动至落花期共31~37 d。2023年,与阿鲁科尔沁家系41,28正常开花的相比,同家系晚开花的各物候期延迟4~10 d,其中始花期延迟9 d、8 d,盛花期均延迟9 d;2024年,2个家系正常开花、晚开花的各物候期延迟5~7 d,其中始花期均延迟6 d,盛花期延迟7 d、6 d。开花物候期时间与温度、日照时数的多元线性逐步回归分析得出,增温使西伯利亚杏开花物候期提前,日照时数增多使物候期推迟,可能因为2024年春季温度高于2023年,正常开花、晚开花的始花期提前,花期持续时间缩短。西伯利亚杏盛花期低温冻害调查发现,阿鲁科尔沁家系41,28正常开花平均低温冻害率分别为97%、93%,晚开花平均低温冻害率分别为30%、35%。相比正常开花,晚开花低温冻害率分别降低67%、58%。通过建立受试者操作特征曲线对盛花期低温冻害致灾阈值进行判别,得出1.03℃为最佳的临界阈值。
Armeniaca sibirica has a wide range of applications with great development potential.However,its early flowering period makes it susceptible to frost damage,restricting yield.This study focused on late flowering Armeniaca sibirica of Aluhorqin 41 and 28 families,with normal flowering individuals as controls,to analyze flowering phenology and frost damage during flowering period,thereby providing better guidance for practice.The results showed that the normal flowering flower buds of Armeniaca sibirica in Helingeer County of Inner Mongolia began to sprout in late March,and started flowering in mid to late April which flowering period lasted about 10−11 days during 2023—2024.The process from flower bud sprouting to petal fall took 30−33 days.Late flowering buds initiated sprouting between late March and early April,and started flowering in late April with flowering duration of 10−12 days.The period from bud sprouting to petal fall for late flowering individuals spanned 31−37 days.Compared to the normal flowering of Aluhorqin 41 and 28 families,the phenological period of late flowering of the same family was delayed by 4−10 days,and initial flowering period was delayed by 9 and 8 days,respectively.Besides,full bloom period was delayed by 9 days in 2023.In 2024,the phenological period of late flowering of the same family was delayed by 5−7 days in both families,and the initial flowering period was delayed by 6 days.Furthermore,the full bloom period was delayed by 7 and 6 days,respectively.The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that rising temperature promoted flowering phenology in Armeniaca sibirica,whereas increased sunlight duration delayed phenological timing.Compared to 2023,the advanced initial flowering time of normal and late flowering and shorter flowering duration maybe due to higher spring temperature in 2024.For the Aluhorqin 41 and 28 families,the average frost damage rates of normal flowering were 97%and 93%,while the rates of late flowering were 30%and 35%.Investigation on frost damage during the full bloom period of Armeniaca sibirica found that,compared with normal flowering,the frost damage rates of late flowering were reduced by 67%and 58%,respectively.By establishing a receiver operating characteristic curve,the frost damage threshold during the full bloom period of Armeniaca sibirica was determined,with 1.03°C identified as the optimal critical threshold.
作者
乌日恒
张海东
桑昊
蔺悦
常书娟
海龙
刘雪锋
Wuriheng;ZHANG Haidong;SANG Hao;LIN Yue;CHANG Shujuan;Hailong;LIU Xuefeng(Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences,Hohhot 010010,China;Inner Mongolia Engineering Technology Research Center of Lycium ruthenicum,Hohhot 010010,China)
出处
《内蒙古林业科技》
2025年第3期44-51,共8页
Journal of Inner Mongolia Forestry Science and Technology
关键词
西伯利亚杏
开花物候
晚霜冻害
Armeniaca sibirica
flowering phenology
frost damage
作者简介
乌日恒(1989-),女(蒙古族),内蒙古鄂尔多斯人,助理研究员,从事林木遗传育种研究。E−mail:1661641805@qq.com;通信作者:常书娟(1982-),女,内蒙古锡林郭勒人,研究员,从事森林资源调查监测评估相关研究。E−mail:13674844467@163.com。
