摘要
【目的】明确西伯利亚杏花芽分化进程,解析其开花生物学规律与特征,从而为合理调控花期、保证开花质量提供理论依据和技术指导。【方法】以沈阳农业大学山杏国家林木种质资源保存库的5个西伯利亚杏无性系为材料,采用石蜡切片法观察花芽分化进程,对花期物候、花器官特征进行观测,采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪测定其生长素(Auxin)含量。【结果】西伯利亚杏花芽形态分化期可分为未分化期、花原基分化期、萼片分化期、花瓣分化期、雄蕊分化期、雌蕊分化期这6个时期,其花芽于7月中旬开始分化,至10月中旬完成分化,但5个无性系进入此6个分化时期的起始时间与持续时间均不同,且各个分化时期均存在明显的交叉重叠现象;其中,28号无性系的分化较早,且其进程较快(60 d),622号、626号进入分化的时间均较晚,但其分化进程均较快,而595号的分化时间稍晚,且其持续时间最长(79 d)。西伯利亚杏于3月中旬进入花芽膨大期,4月初进入始花期,至4月中旬花期结束,花期历时约10 d;各个无性系的开花物候进程基本一致。5个西伯利亚杏无性系花器官的形态特征均表现为:花瓣白色、不褶皱,花萼红褐色,花丝白色,花药黄色,雄蕊数量28~30个,雌蕊1个,除28号无性系的雌蕊数多于雄蕊数外,其余无性系的雌蕊数均低于其雄蕊数;622号无性系的花瓣为六瓣花,其余无性系的花瓣均为五瓣花;595号无性系的花径(2.19 cm)极显著小于其他无性系的。西伯利亚杏不同无性系间完全花比例的差异较大,各个无性系完全花比例的大小顺序为:28号(99.42%)>626号(28.59%)>622号(20.33%)>8号(13.99%)>595号(3.50%)。同一无性系不同类型果枝之间完全花比例也存在较大差异,不同类型果枝上完全花比例的大小顺序为:花束状果枝(46.66%)>短果枝(32.24%)>中果枝(27.25%)>长果枝(24.84%)。28号无性系盛花期花内的吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)含量(215.97 ng/g)极显著高于595号的(77.59 ng/g),其对西伯利亚杏的雌蕊发育可能具有积极作用。【结论】西伯利亚杏不同无性系花芽分化各个时期起止时间的早晚、分化进程的快慢均不同,其分化时间集中为7月下旬—9月中旬,且各个分化时期普遍存在交叉重叠现象。各个无性系的花期均始于4月初,其花期历时均约10 d。高含量的IAA有利于西伯利亚杏的雌蕊发育。因此,在西伯利亚杏修剪枝条、疏花保花等栽培管理中应根据不同无性系的特性区分对待。
【Objective】To clarify the flower bud differentiation process of Armeniaca sibirica,analyze its flowering biology and characteristics,so as to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for reasonable control of flowering period and guarantee flowering quality.【Method】The five A.sibirica clones in the National Forest Germplasm Resources Preservation of Shenyang Agricultural University for A.sibirica were used as materials to observe the process of flower bud differentiation by paraffin sectioning,to observe floral phenology and floral organ characteristics,and to determine the content of growth hormone(Auxin)by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS).【Result】A.sibirica flower bud differentiation could be divided into six stages:undifferentiated stage,initial differentiation stage,sepal differentiation stage,petal differentiation stage,stamen differentiation stage,and pistil differentiation stage,which started in mid-July and finished in mid-October,but the starting time and duration of each clone in each stage were different,and there were obvious overlapping phenomena in each stage.Among them,the clone 28 differentiated earlier and with a faster process(60 d).The clone 622 and 626 entered the differentiation later,but the process of each differentiation stage was faster.In contrast,the clone 595 differentiated slightly later and lasted the longest(79 d).A.sibirica entered flower bud expansion in mid-March and initial blooming in early April and full blooming in mid-April,which lasted for about 10 d.The flowering phenological process was basically the same for all clones.The flower organs of all clones of A.sibirica showed white petals,non-folded petals,reddish-brown calyxes,white filaments,yellow anthers,28-30 stamens,and one pistil,except for the clone 28 where the pistil was higher than the stamens,and the rest where the pistils were lower than the stamens.The clone 622 had six-petal flowers and the rest of the clones had five-petal flowers.The corolla diameter of the clone 595(2.19 cm)was extremely significantly smaller than the other clones.The complete flowers ratio varied considerably among different clones of A.sibirica which decreased order was:28(99.42%)>626(28.59%)>622(20.33%)>8(13.99%)>595(3.50%).And there were also large differences in different fruiting branches of the same clone:bouquet-shaped branches(46.66%)>short branches(32.24%)>medium branches(27.25%)>long branches(24.84%).The IAA content of clone 28(215.97 ng/g)was extremely significantly higher than that of clone 595(77.59 ng/g),which might have a positive effect on pistil development in A.sibirica.【Conclusion】The flower bud differentiation of different clones of A.sibirica starts and ends at different times and stages at different speeds,concentrating from late July to mid-September,and generally overlapping.The flowering period of all clones started in early April and lasted for about 10 d.The high level of IAA facilitated pistil development in A.sibirica.Therefore,a distinction should be made in the cultivation management of A.sibirica such as the pruning of branches and flower thinning and preservation.
作者
张剑
于庆福
王蓬锴
李家豪
王新鑫
董胜君
ZHANG Jian;YU Qingfu;WANG Pengkai;LI Jiahao;WANG Xinxin;DONG Shengjun(College of Forestry,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,Liaoning,China;Forestry Seedling Management Station,Kazuo 122300,Liaoning,China)
出处
《经济林研究》
北大核心
2022年第4期105-114,共10页
Non-wood Forest Research
基金
“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(SQ2019YFD100071)。
关键词
西伯利亚杏
花芽分化
开花物候
花器官特征
完全花比例
Armeniaca sibirica
flower bud differentiation
flowering phenology
flower organ characteristics
complete flowering ratio
作者简介
第一作者:张剑(15942566236@163.com),硕士研究生。;通信作者:董胜君(dsj928@163.com),教授,博士。
