摘要
【目的】有效利用气候资源,建立长期有效的灾害防御体系以促进陕西苹果产业良性发展。【方法】统计分析了2013年陕西苹果花期冻害形成的气候背景,并以旬邑县为代表分析了其近14年的花期冻害气象影响因子和灾情信息,分析了2013年陕西30个苹果基地县花期冻害气象因子值和灾损情况,最后依据气候风险形成原理对陕西苹果种植区进行了气候风险区划。【结果】以苹果花期寒潮降温天气过程的最低气温(TD),TD≤-5℃、-3℃≥TD>-5℃、0℃≥TD>-3℃,或以过程"积寒值"(X),X≥3.0℃·d-1、3.0℃·d-1>X≥0.3℃·d-1、0.3℃·d-1>X≥0.0℃·d-1,划分陕西苹果花期冻害为重度、中度、轻度3个等级较为适宜,与灾损实际情况较为相符;以苹果花序受冻率[80%,100%)、[30%,80%)、[10%,30%)预估因灾减产率分别可达[30%,50%)、[10%,30%)、10%以下较为符合实际;陕西全果区气候风险分布呈由西北向东南逐渐减小的趋势。【结论】春季苹果花序受冻率可用来预估当年减产率;陕西苹果花期冻害风险由西北向东南逐渐减小。
【Objective】For exploiting climate resources and promoting the long-term disaster prevention system of Shaanxi apple industry.【Method】The article includes the statistical study of the climatic background causing the injury in 2013 in Shaanxi,and the analyses on the weather factors,disaster information in Xunyi county in the recent 14 years. It reviews the weather factor value as well as the damage by fluorescence freezing injury in 30 apple bases in Shaanxi in 2013. In conclusion,the article draws risk zones on climate for growing apple in Shaanxi.【Result】The results show that by using the minimum temperatures(TD,TD≤-5 ℃,-3 ℃≥TD>-5 ℃,0 ℃≥TD>-3 ℃) or the'cumulative harmful cold values'(X,X≥3.0 ℃·d-1,3.0 ℃·d-1>X≥0.3 ℃·d-1,0.3 ℃·d-1>X≥0.0 ℃·d-1) of cold weather process in apple blossom time to divide Shaanxi apple florescence freezing damage into 3 levels as severe,moderate,light are more consistent with the practical damage; and by using apple inflorescence cold rates [80%,100%),[30%,80%),[10%,30%) to categorize the disaster reduction rates as [30%,50%),[10%,30%) and under 10% are more consistent with the situation. The climate risks of apple growing in Shaanxi province is gradually reduced from northwest to southeast.【Conclusion】In spring,apple inflorescence cold rates can be used to predict yield reduction rate;Shaanxi apple florescence freezing injury risk decreases from northwest to southeast gradually.
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第1期100-107,174,共9页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目"陕西富士系苹果气象灾害风险区划成果应用"(2011GB241600004)
公益性行业(气象)科研专项"中国北方果树霜冻灾害防御关键技术研究"(GYHY20120602)
关键词
苹果
陕西
花期冻害
指标
Apple
Shaanxi
Florescence freezing
Index
