摘要
【目的】解决重庆江津地区九叶青花椒因施氮不合理导致的土壤性状恶化及果实产量、品质受限问题,探索适宜施氮水平,优化施肥策略,推动当地花椒产业可持续发展。【方法】在重庆市江津区开展2年田间试验。以8年生九叶青花椒Zanthoxylum armatum var.novemfolius为试材,设置5个施氮水平N0、N1、N2、N3、N4(N含量分别为0、135、180、225、270 g/株)。在果实成熟期,对九叶青花椒产量进行测定,并采集土壤及树体的枝条、叶片和果实,分析干物质质量、养分含量、果实产量和品质,计算土壤质量指数。通过冗余分析识别与产量、品质相关的关键因子,并利用偏最小二乘路径模型(PLS-PM)探讨施氮量与树体养分、产量、品质和土壤性状的关系。【结果】九叶青花椒树体干物质和养分含量随施氮量的增加呈现先增后降的趋势。施氮不足(N1)和过量(N3、N4)都显著降低了树体干物质和养分含量,分别平均下降13.21%和15.60%。施氮量增加时,土壤碱解氮质量比上升,而土壤pH值、有机质及交换性钙、交换性镁质量比显著下降。土壤质量指数在N2处理时达到最大值(0.65)。花椒的产量和品质指标随施氮量增加先升后降,在N2处理下最佳,较施氮不足(N1)和过量(N3、N4)分别平均提高39.61%和31.79%,品质综合值分别平均提高148.28%和107.03%。冗余分析显示,产量、品质与土壤质量指数、叶片氮质量比、叶片钙质量比、枝条镁质量比显著相关。PLS-PM分析表明,施氮通过影响土壤性状(路径系数0.74)增强了叶片、枝条和果实的养分吸收,最终影响产量与品质。【结论】适宜施氮能改善土壤性状,显著提高果实产量和品质。推荐8年生九叶青花椒最佳施氮量为180 g/株。
【Objective】This study aims to address the issues of soil proterties degradation,and restricted fruit yield and quality of Zanthoxylum armatum var.novemfolius in Jiangjin District,Chongqing,caused by unreasonable nitrogen application.It explores the appropriate nitrogen application levels,optimizes fertilization strategies,and promotes the sustainable development of the local prickly ash industry.【Method】A two-year field experiment was carried out in Jiangjin District,Chongqing.Taking 8-year-old Z.armatum var.novemfolius as the test material,five nitrogen application levels(N0,N1,N2,N3,N4)with N contents of 0,135,180,225,and 270 g/plant were set.During the fruit ripening period,the soil available nitrogen was measured,and the plant branches,leaves,and fruits were collected to determine the dry matter mass,nutrient content,fruit yield,and quality of Z.armatum var.novemfolius,and calculate the soil quality index.Redundancy analysis was used to identify the key factors related to yield and quality,and the partial least squares path model(PLS-PM)was employed to explore the relationship between nitrogen application rate and tree nutrient status,yield,quality,and soil properties.【Result】Tree dry-matter mass and nutrient concentrations first increased and then decreased with increasing N rate.Both insufficient N(N1)and excessive N(N3,N4)significantly reduced dry-matter mass and nutrient concentrations by 13.21%and 15.60%on average,respectively.Soil alkali-hydrolysable N increased with N rate,whereas soil pH,organic matter,and exchangeable Ca and Mg declined markedly.SQI peaked at N2(0.65).Yield and quality indices followed the same trend,reaching their maxima under N2,which increased yield by 39.61%and 31.79%,and comprehensive quality by 148.28%and 107.03%,compared with N1 and N3/N4,respectively.Redundancy analysis showed that yield and quality were significantly associated with SQI,leaf N,leaf Ca and branch Mg.PLS-PM indicated that N application improved soil properties(path coefficient was 0.74),thereby enhancing nutrient absorption by leaves,branches and fruits,ultimately influencing yield and quality.【Conclusion】Appropriate nitrogen application can significantly improve soil properties,enhance fruit yield and quality.The recommended optimal nitrogen application rate for 8-year-old Z.armatum var.novemfolius is 180 g/plant.
作者
赵尚远
孔发明
张浩然
彭清
李志琦
王帅
赵敬坤
白子龙
杨林
江浩立
石孝均
王洁
ZHAO Shangyuan;KONG Faming;ZHANG Haoran;PENG Qing;LI Zhiqi;WANG Shuai;ZHAO Jingkun;BAI Zilong;YANG Lin;JIANG Haoli;SHI Xiaojun;WANG Jie(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Chongqing Jiangjin District Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Chongqing 402260,China;Chongqing District Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Chongqing 401121,China;National Agricultural Science Beibei Observatory and Experiment Station,Chongqing 400716,China)
出处
《经济林研究》
北大核心
2025年第3期150-160,共11页
Non-wood Forest Research
基金
重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1489)
重庆市大学生创新创业训练计划资助项目(S202410635394)。
关键词
九叶青花椒
施氮水平
养分吸收
产量与品质
土壤性状
nine-leaf green pepper
nitrogen application level
nutrient absorption
yield and quality
soil quality
作者简介
第一作者:赵尚远(2279338141@qq.com),硕士研究生;通信作者:王洁(mutouyu@swu.edu.cn),副教授,博士。
