摘要
为了解决目前渭北旱塬花椒产量低和品质差的现状,在淳化、三原、富平等地花椒产区进行了3 a配方施肥试验,选用4种配方肥(54%(18-18-18)、35%(11-9-15)、40%(15-5-20)、29%(13-7-9))和有机质含量45%的商品有机肥,设置4个处理(处理1.54%配方复混肥2 kg;处理2.有机肥5 kg+35%配方复混肥2 kg;处理3.有机肥5 kg+40%配方复混肥2 kg;处理4.有机肥2 kg+29%配方复混肥2 kg),同时以不施肥为对照,测定4种配方施肥对花椒产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与不施肥对照相比,4种配方施肥处理的花椒产量显著提高,增产幅度达23.07%~39.88%,处理2产量最高。5个处理的肥料农学效率为0.61~1.46 kg/kg,处理2最高;出皮率为24.14%~25.07%,处理3最高;花椒的平均折干率为44.51%~46.78%,对照最高;挥发油含量和麻味物质含量变幅分别为2.21~6.06 mL/100 g、17.9~26.2 mg/g,且处理2均最高。5个处理间单穗粒数、单穗质量、产量、增产率、肥料农学效率、挥发油及麻味物质含量大小表现为处理2>处理3>处理4>处理1>对照。综上,渭北旱塬区高产优质花椒园施肥宜有机无机肥结合,用有机肥替代部分化肥,使无机有机肥比例达2∶8以上,渭北旱塬花椒全年施肥量每株最佳推荐用量为N 373 g、P_(2)O_(5)222 g、K_(2)O 468 g,适宜的氮磷钾比例为N 12-P_(2)O_(5)7-K_(2)O 15。
In order to solve the problem of low yield and poor quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in Weibei dry plateau at present,3a formula fertilization tests were conducted in production areas of Zanthoxylum bungeanum such as Chunhua,Sanyuan and Fuping.Four formula fertilizers including(54%(18-18-18)、35%(11-9-15)、40%(15-5-20)、29%(13-7-9))and a commercial organic fertilizer with 45%of organic matter content were selcected.Four treatments were set and the contorl was no application of fertilizers,the four treatments were as folloing:Treatment 1,2 kg of 54%of formulated compound fertilizer;Treatment 2,5 kg of organic fertilizer+2 kg of 35%of formulated compound fertilizer;Treatment 3,5 kg of organic fertilizer+2 kg of 40%of formulated compound fertilizer;Treatment 4,2 kg of organic fertilizer+2 kg of 29%of formulated compound fertilizer.The effects of the four formula fertilizers on yield and quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum were studied.The results showed that compared with the control without fertilization,the yield of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in four treatments increased significantly,with an increase range of 23.07%-39.88%,and the yield in Treatment 2 was the largest.The agronomic efficiency of the treatments was 0.61-1.46 kg/kg,and the value in Treatment 2 was the highest.The peeling rate of the treatments was 24.14%-25.07%,and the value in Treatment 3 was the highest.The average drying rate of Zanthoxylum bungeanum was 44.51%-46.78%,and the value in the control was the highest.The contents of volatile oil and hemp flavor substances ranged from 2.21 mL/100 g to 6.06 mL/100 g,and 17.9 mg/g to 26.2 mg/g,respectively,and the values in Treatment 2 were the highest.The order of the grain number per spike,weight per spike,yield,yield-increasing rate,fertilizer agronomy contribution rate,volatile oil and hemp-flavor substance contents of the treatments was Treatment 2>Treatment 3>Treatment 4>Treatment 1>the control.In conclusion,fertilization of Zanthoxylum bungeanum gardens with high yield and good quality in Weibei dry plateau should be combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers,replacing some chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers and making the ratio of inorganic and organic fertilizers more than 2∶8.The best recommended annual fertilization amount for each plant of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in Weibei dry plateau was 373 g of N,222 g of P_(2)O_(5),and 468 g of K_(2)O,and the suitable ratio of N,P,and K was N 12-P_(2)O_(5)7-K_(2)O 15.
作者
郭文龙
党菊香
刘建海
崔瑜
GUO Wenlong;DANG Juxiang;LIU Jianhai;CUI Yu(Xianyang Vocational and Technical College,Xianyang 712046,China;Sanyuan County Seed Management Station,Sanyuan 713800,China)
出处
《山西农业科学》
2022年第10期1455-1461,共7页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences
基金
咸阳市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(2019K02-79)
咸阳职业技术学院科学研究项目(2019KYA01)。
关键词
渭北旱塬
配方
花椒
产量
品质
Weibei dry plateau
formula
Zanthoxylum bungeanum
yield
quality
作者简介
郭文龙(1962-),男,陕西富平人,教授,主要从事土壤肥料与农业生态研究工作。
