摘要
[目的]探讨提高藤椒产量和品质的适宜氮磷钾施用量,为制定科学的藤椒施肥管理措施提供参考.[方法]以6年生藤椒为试验材料,利用二次回归“3414”正交试验设计,设置N、P、K的3个肥料因素,各因素均设4个水平,4个水平分别为:0水平指不施肥,2水平指当地最佳施肥量(N 330 g/株、P2O5 50 g/株、K2O 200 g/株),1水平-2水平×0.5,3水平=2水平×1.5(过量施肥水平),共14个处理,研究氮、磷、钾配方施肥处理对藤椒产量和品质的影响.[结果]与不施肥处理相比,各施肥处理新鲜花椒产量增加了24.4%~74.7%.氮、磷和钾肥平均肥料贡献率分别为22.7%,16.0%和13.5%,肥料贡献率表现为氮肥>磷肥>钾肥;氮、磷和钾肥平均农学效率分别为4.9,22.5和4.5 kg/kg,肥料农学效率表现为磷肥>氮肥>钾肥.氮、磷和钾肥处理的花椒果皮千粒质量和挥发性芳香油、麻味物质、醇抽提物、不挥发性乙醚抽提物含量及品质综合值与不施肥处理(N0P0K0)相比,分别提高7.5%~21.6%,10.1%~40.2%,19.8%~60.7%,6.3%~32.3%,15.7%~48.1%和218.3%~754.6%.氮磷、氮钾和磷钾互作效应在一定用量范围内能促进藤椒产量和品质的提高.通过建立新鲜花椒产量和品质综合值的肥料效应三元二次方程函数,获得藤椒高产优质的最佳推荐施肥量为:N 323.4~346.7 g/株(平均为335.1 g/株),P2O5 49.0~51.3 g/株(平均为50.2 g/株),K2O214.1~227.6 g/株(平均为220.9 g/株).[结论]适宜的氮磷钾肥用量能提高藤椒产量和品质,得到了研究区藤椒最佳施肥量.
【Objective】This study obtained optimal nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application rate and ratio for high yield and quality of Zanthoxylum armatum to provide basis for formulating reasonable fertilization management measures.【Method】In this experiment,6 years old Zanthoxylum armatum was selected for the“3414”experimental design to study the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers at four different levels on the yield and quality of Zanthoxylum armatum.Level 0 applied no fertilizer,level 2 applied the best local rates of N 330 g/plant,P 2O 5 50 g/plant,and K 2O 200 g/plant.Level 1 applied half amount of Level 2,while Level 3 applied 1.5 times of Level 2.【Results】Fertilization with nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer significantly increased the fresh fruit yield of Zanthoxylum armatum by 24.4%-74.7%.The average fertilizer contribution rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were 22.7%,16.0%and 13.5%,respectively.The contribution rates were in the order of nitrogen>phosphorus>potassium.The fertilizer agronomy rates were 4.9,22.5 and 4.5 kg/kg with the order of phosphorus>nitrogen>potassium.The 1000-grain-weight of seed capsule,volatile oil content,numb-taste components content,ethanol-soluble extract content,non-volatile ether extract content and quality comprehensive value were increased by 7.5%-21.6%,10.1%-40.2%,19.8%-60.7%,6.3%-32.3%,15.7%-48.1%and 218.3%-754.6%,respectively.The interaction of nitrogen and phosphorus,nitrogen and potassium or phosphorus and potassium interaction effects promoted the yield and quality of capsicum in certain ranges.By establishing the fertilizer effect function for the comprehensive value of Zanthoxylum armatum fresh fruit yield and quality comprehensive value,the recommended fertilizer amounts in study area were:N 323.4-346.7 g/plant(averagely 335.1 g/plant),P 2O 5 49.0-51.3 g/plant(averagely 50.2 g/plant),K 2O 214.1-227.6 g/plant(averagely 220.9 g/plant).【Conclusion】Appropriate nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application rates are important to improve the yield and quality of Zanthoxylum armatum,and this study obtained the optimal amounts for the study area.
作者
唐海龙
龚伟
王景燕
罗小梅
熊靓
郑隆迪
胡杨夏
TANG Hailong;GONG Wei;WANG Jingyan;LUO Xiaomei;XIONG Jing;ZHENG Longdi;HU Yangxia(Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering,College of Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China)
出处
《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第10期18-26,共9页
Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1000605)
四川省农作物育种攻关项目(2016NYZ0035)
四川省农业科技成果转化项目(16NZ0067)
关键词
氮磷钾配施
产量
花椒品质
竹叶花椒
combined application nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium
yield
quality
Zanthoxylum armatum
作者简介
唐海龙(1990-),男,四川广安人,博士,主要从事花椒培育及水肥管理研究。E-mail:tanghl2010@163.com;通信作者:龚伟(1980-),男,四川崇州人,教授,博士,主要从事经济林培育及土壤生态研究。E-mail:gongwei@sicau.edu.cn
