摘要
【目的】探究减氮配施生物有机肥对云南山地藠头产量形成及其土壤微生物群落特性的影响。【方法】在田间试验条件下,设置5种施肥模式(农民习惯施肥、减氮50%、减氮50%配施生物有机肥、减氮100%、减氮100%增施生物有机肥),分析不同施肥模式下的藠头产量、干物质积累和叶面积指数等产量形成指标。利用Illumina NovaSeq 6000高通量测序技术分析根际土壤细菌和真菌物种数量及丰度等群落特性。【结果】与农民习惯施肥相比,减氮100%减产幅度达15.24%,减氮100%增施生物有机肥尽管相对于减氮100%产量有所提升,但其产量仍显著低于农民习惯施肥。减氮50%的产量较农民习惯施肥也减产6.61%,然而减氮50%配施生物有机肥能够确保藠头不减产,并且节约化学纯氮112.5 kg/hm^(2),提高化肥农学利用率21.10%。该施肥模式下的藠瓣单重较低,但是单株藠瓣数的增加弥补这一不足,确保产量稳定。同时,减氮50%配施生物有机肥增加根际土壤中的鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas)和厌氧细菌科(o_DS-18)等有益细菌丰度,降低镰刀菌属(Fusarium)有害真菌的相对丰度,优化土壤生长环境,进而促进藠头叶面积指数发展和干物质快速积累。【结论】减氮50%配施生物有机肥可以降低因氮肥减少而导致的减产风险,实现藠头稳产增效,对推动农业可持续发展和保护生态环境具有重要意义。
[Objective]The study aimed to explore the impact of nitrogen reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer application on the yield formation of mountain A.chinense in Yunnan and the characteristics of its soil microbial community,with the goal of providing theoretical support and technical approaches for the sustainable development of mountain A.chinense and eco-friendly agriculture.[Method]A single-factor randomized block field experiment was conducted,with five fertilization modes:Farmers'habitual fertilization,50%nitrogen reduction,50%nitrogen reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer,100%nitrogen reduction and 100%nitrogen reduction with additional bio-organic fertilizer.Yield formation indicators such as A.chinense yield,dry matter accumulation and leaf area index were analyzed across these different fertilization modes.Additionally,llumina NovaSeq 6000 high-throughput sequencing technology was utilized to assess the species quantity,abundance and other community characteristics of rhizosphere soil bacteria and fungi.[Result]Compared with the farmer's customary fertilization,the treatment with a100%reduction in nitrogen fertilizer application led to a significant decrease in the yield,with areduction rate of 15.24%.Although the treatment combining a 100%reduction in nitrogen and the application of bio-organic fertilizer showed an increase in the yield compared to the treatment with only a 100%reduction in nitrogen,its yield was still significantly lower than that of the farmer's customary fertilization.A straightforward 50%reduction in nitrogen fertilizer led to a 6.61%decrease in the A.chinense yield.However,combining a 50%nitrogen reduction with bio-organic fertilizer not only maintained A.chinense yield despite the reduction in chemical nitrogen fertilizer(saving 112.5 kg/hm?)but also enhanced agronomic efficiency of the fertilizer by 21.10%.Although the reduction in nitrogen fertilizer resulted in lighter individual A.chinense bulbs,this was compensated by a significant increase in the number of cloves per plant,ensuring stable yields.Applying a 50%reduced nitrogen fertilizer in combination with bio-organic fertilizer significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria,such as Sphingomonas,Gemmatimonas and o_DS-18,in the rhizosphere soil.Meanwhile,it decreased the relative abundance of harmful fungi like Fusarium.This optimized soil growth environment promoted the development of the leaf area index of A.chinense and facilitated the rapid accumulation of dry matter.[Conclusion]The combination of a 50%nitrogen reduction with bio-organic fertilizer application mitigates the risk of yield reduction due to decreased nitrogen fertilizer,thereby achieving stable and efficient A.chinense production.This approach is significant in promoting sustainable agricultural development and protecting the ecological environment.
作者
雷恩
杨翠华
梅云祥
谷浩铭
冯长英
LEI En;YANG Cui-hua;MEI Yun-xiang;GU Hao-ming;FENG Chang-ying(College of Biological and Agricultural Sciences,Honghe University,Mengzi,Yunnan 661199,China;Agricultural Integrated Service Center of Beige Township,Kaiyuan City,Yunnan Province,Kaiyuan,Yunnan 661606,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
北大核心
2025年第6期1277-1286,共10页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
云南省高校农作物优质高效栽培与安全控制重点实验室建设专项
校地横向合作项目(016100022002、02803212747)。
关键词
云南山地
藠头
氮肥减施
生物有机肥
微生物
Yunnan mountainous area
Allium chinense
Nitrogen fertilizer reduction
Bio-organic fertilizer
Microorganisms
作者简介
第一作者:雷恩(1982-),男,博士,副教授,主要从事作物生理生态与栽培管理研究。E-mail:tlf3300@126.com。
