摘要
为研究微生物菌剂对党参生长和根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响,在党参田分别施用枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)、哈茨木霉菌(Trichoderma harzianum)3种微生物菌剂,统计党参生长指标和产量,测定根际土壤样品的理化性状、酶活性,并利用高通量测序技术分析微生物群落结构变化。结果表明,3种微生物菌剂均不同程度促进了党参生长及产量,提高了根际土壤理化指标和酶活性。其中枯草芽孢杆菌处理后,党参根长、根粗、地下部分鲜重、地下部分干重、折合产量指标分别较对照提高了22.51%、28.67%、27.68%、29.99%、20.15%,有机质、速效钾、碱解氮、有效磷、全氮和全磷含量分别提高了28.00%、33.97%、33.85%、71.23%、17.60%、53.23%,优于其他两种菌剂。解淀粉芽孢杆菌处理对酶活性效果最佳,脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶活性较对照分别提高了51.32%、114.04%、7.70%、23.96%。微生物群落结构分析结果显示,微生物菌剂提高了根际土壤细菌中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)等优势菌群和鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas)等有益菌的相对丰度,降低了根际土壤真菌群落中担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)、壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)和优势真菌群落属的相对丰度。相关分析表明,变形菌门、拟杆菌门等细菌主要优势群落与理化性质和酶活性指标呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),而真菌主要优势群落与速效钾、碱解氮、有效磷、有机质等理化指标呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。总之,施用微生物菌剂可以有效提升党参田的土壤肥力和影响土壤微生物群落结构,对改善根际土壤微生态环境具有重要作用。本研究结果为党参的有机栽培和可持续发展提供了理论依据。
In order to study the effects of microbial agents on the growth of Codonopsis pilosula and the microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil,three microbial agents,Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum,were applied to the C.pilosula field.The growth index and yield of C.pilosula were counted,and the physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of rhizosphere soil samples were determined.The changes of microbial community structure were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that all three microbial agents promoted the growth and yield of C.pilosula to varying degrees,and improved the physicochemical indicators and enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil.After treated with Bacillus subtilis,the root length,root thickness,fresh weight of underground parts,dry weight of underground parts and equivalent yield indicators of C.pilosula were increased by 22.51%,28.67%,27.68%,29.99%and 20.15%,respectively,compared to the control.The organic matter,available potassium,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,total nitrogen and total phosphorus content were increased by 28.00%,33.97%,33.85%,71.23%,17.60%and 53.23%,respectively,which were better than the other two bacterial agents.The treatment with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens showed the best effect on enzyme activity,with urease,alkaline phosphatase,catalase and sucrase activities increasing by 51.32%,114.04%,7.70%and 23.96%,respectively,compared to the control.The analysis of microbial community structure showed that microbial agents increased the relative abundance of dominant bacterial groups such as Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria,as well as beneficial bacteria such as Sphingomonas and Gemmatimonas in the rhizosphere soil,while reducing the relative abundance of dominant fungal communities such as Actinobacteria,Sphingomonas and Fusarium in the rhizosphere soil fungal community.Relevant analysis showed that the main dominant communities of bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes are significantly positively correlated with physicochemical properties and enzyme activity indicators(P<0.01),while the main dominant communities of fungi were significantly negatively correlated with physicochemical indicators such as available potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and organic matter(P<0.01).In summary,all three bacterial agents could be promoted and used in the field of C.pilosula,with Bacillus subtilis showing better efficacy.The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for the organic cultivation and sustainable development of C.pilosula.
作者
陈臻
金智昕
曾翠云
张永合
何春雨
CHEN Zhen;JIN Zhi-xin;ZENG Cui-yun;ZHANG Yong-he;HE Chun-yu(College of Environment and Chemical Engineering,Lanzhou Resources&Environment Voc-Tech University,Lanzhou Gansu 730021;College of Pharmacy,Gansu University of Chinese Medicine,Lanzhou Gansu 730000;Collaborative Innovation Center of Natural Medicine Germplasm Resources Discoverying and New Cultivars Breeding,Lanzhou Gansu 730000)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
北大核心
2025年第7期108-116,共9页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
甘肃省高等学校青年博士基金项目(2023QB-019)
兰州市科技计划项目(2023-3-119)
兰州资源环境职业技术大学校级重大项目(X2023ZD-01)。
关键词
党参
酶活性
理化性质
根际微生物
影响
Codonopsis pilosula
enzyme activity
physical and chemical properties
rhizosphere microorganisms
influence
作者简介
陈臻(1980-),副教授,博士,主要从事土壤微生物学研究。E-mail:342113790@qq.com;通讯作者:曾翠云,E-mail:zengcy1028@163.com。
