摘要
基于中西部农村的田野调查,研究丧偶老人所面临的结构性困境及其主体应对,发现农村老人失去代际支持能力后会处在“自养—家庭赡养”这一过程的结构性约束中。而自养的最佳单位是夫妻,丧偶意味着夫妻自养生活的解体,老人因此陷入进入子代家庭和独立自养的两难之中。为了争取更大的自主空间,丧偶老人会采取家内自养和搭伴自养两种策略积极重建自养生活。尽管自养已经被默认为阶段性最佳的养老方式,但它依然有着突出的功能和伦理限度。从老年人主体角度看,自养及其策略表面上是老人主体性的表达,其实是老人作为主体难以跻身于现有结构但又挣扎求存的表现。应在重构老年人主体性的层面供给养老服务,重建农村养老秩序。
Based on the field investigation in the rural areas of central and western China,this paper reveals the structural difficulties faced by the elderly widows and their main countermeasures from the perspective of"structure-action".The research finds that the rural elderly are in the structural constraints of the process of"family integration-self-support-family support",and the best unit of self-support is husband and wife.The loss of a partner means the collapse of self-supporting life,and the elderly will fall into a difficult life dilemma that is difficult to enter the children's family and difficult to support self-supporting.In order to strive for more independent space,the widowed elderly people will adopt two strategies of home self-support and companion self-support to actively rebuild their self-support life.Although self-support has been default as the best way to provide for the aged,it still has outstanding functional and ethical limits.From the perspective of the main body of the elderly,the self-supporting life and its strategies are the expression of the subjectivity of the elderly,but in fact,the elderly as the main body is difficult to join the existing structure and struggle to survive.The elderly service should be provided at the level of reconstructing the subjectivity of the elderly and rebuilding the order of the rural elderly.
出处
《社会保障研究》
北大核心
2025年第3期67-79,共13页
Social Security Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“‘老漂族’现象的家庭社会学研究”(20BSH036)的阶段性成果。
关键词
农村养老
丧偶老人
自养
主体性
rural old-age care
the elderly widows
self-support
subjectivity
