摘要
中国农村人口老龄化速度快、规模大,农村老年家庭面临越来越多的负向冲击,其抵抗冲击的经济复原力已成为重要研究议题。本文利用2011-2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,借助健康冲击情景,实证分析了异质性社会网络对农村老年家庭经济复原力的影响。研究结果表明,子代网络能够有效提升健康冲击下农村老年家庭的经济复原力,同胞网络并无积极影响。进一步分析表明,男性子代和女性子代均对父辈的经济复原力产生积极影响;对于遭受重大健康冲击、处于中低财富水平和中低收入水平的农村老年家庭而言,其经济复原力受子代网络的积极影响更为显著。机制分析表明,代际经济反哺机制和心理韧性塑造机制是潜在的影响渠道,而资源规模效应并不存在。本文的拓展研究发现,居民医疗保险在农村老年家庭抵抗健康冲击时作用有限,而政府转移支付在这一过程中发挥了积极作用。在人口老龄化背景下,本文为农村老年家庭如何更好应对健康风险、提高经济复原力提供了经验证据,并为相关政策制定提供了启示。
China's rural population is experiencing rapid and large-scale aging,and rural elderly households are increasingly exposed to adverse shock events.Their economic resilience in the face of such shocks has become an important research topic.Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)from 2011 to 2018,this paper empirically examines the impact of heterogeneous social networks on the economic resilience of rural elderly households under health shocks.The results show that offspring networks significantly enhance the economic resilience of rural elderly households in response to health shocks,whereas sibling networks do not exert a positive effect.Further analysis reveals that both male and female offspring contribute positively to the economic resilience of their aging parents.The beneficial impact of offspring networks is more pronounced among rural elderly households that have suffered major health shocks and are in the lower wealth and income brackets.Mechanism analysis reveals that the“intergenerational economic reciprocity effect”and the“psychological resilience-shaping effect”are key pathways,while the mechanism of the“resource scale effect”is not supported by the results.Further analysis shows that resident medical insurance plays a limited role in helping rural elderly households cope with health shocks.In contrast,government transfer payments contribute positively in this regard.Based on the above findings,this paper offers the following policy implications.First,the govemment should adopt a multi-pronged approach to foster a culture of filial piety across society by improving community-based education on flial norms and implementing role model incentive mechanisms.Second,efforts should be made to further strengthen the healthcare security system for elderly households by increasing medical insurance reimbursement rates,expanding the coverage of supplementary health insurance,and exploring mutual medical aid schemes to reduce the financial risks associated with medical care in elderly households.Finally,the govermment should enhance transfer payments targeted at rural areas by raising pension and minimum living allowance standards,establishing dedicated assistance funds,and providing targeted support to rural elderly households affected byhealth shocks.This paper makes the following contributions.First,it examines the impact of heterogeneous social networks on the economic resilience of rural elderly households in the context of health shocks and explores the underlying mechanisms.Second,it investigates other feasible strategies to enhance the economic resilience of rural elderly households from both insurance and govermmental perspectives,providing references for policy interventions.
作者
刘泰星
岳鹏鹏
LIU Taixing;YUE Pengpeng(Business School,Beijing Technology and Business University;Institute of Household Finance,Beijing Technology and Business University)
出处
《中国农村经济》
北大核心
2025年第8期66-84,共19页
Chinese Rural Economy
基金
教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目“人口老龄化背景下我国老年家庭财务韧性研究:测度方法、影响因素与提升策略”(编号:24YJC790115)。
关键词
健康冲击
异质性社会网络
经济复原力
农村老年家庭
农村人口老龄化
Health Shocks
Heterogeneous Social Network
Economic Resilience
Rural Elderly Households
Rural Population Aging
作者简介
通讯作者:岳鹏鹏,北京工商大学家庭金融研究中心,电子邮箱:yuepengpeng@btbu.edu.cn.
