摘要
目的通过分析2014—2023年天津市河北区水痘发病相关数据,探讨其流行病学特征以及时空集聚性,为制定更加有效和针对性的水痘防控策略提供数据基础。方法数据来自中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统,采用流行病学方法对2014—2023年天津市河北区水痘流行特征进行分析,并进行时空集聚性分析。结果2014—2023年天津市河北区累计报告水痘3755例,发病率平均为44.84/10万,发病率波动较大,整体略呈下降趋势(APC=-0.21%,P>0.05)。男女性人群发病率分别为44.22/10万、45.49/10万,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.758,P>0.05)。水痘年龄别平均发病率前3位的人群分别是5~9岁组、10~14岁组和15~19岁组,0~4岁组自2018年以来发病率呈快速下降趋势(APC=-47.64%,P<0.05)。职业以学生(占46.00%)和干部职员(占12.01%)为主。建昌道街发病率相对较高,且存在时空集聚性。发病有明显季节性,冬季发病最多。2014—2023年累计报告水痘突发公共卫生事件3起,采用病例对照研究分析显示,接种水痘疫苗是罹患水痘的保护性因素。结论2014—2023年天津市河北区水痘发病呈先升再降的整体趋势,并且具有明显的人群、地区、季节分布特征,提示应针对水痘流行特点加强其疫情防控,在高发季节加强重点人群和重点街道的防控措施,从而有效控制水痘的传播流行。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal clustering patterns of varicella in Hebei District of Tianjin from 2014 to 2023,and to provide the scientific data for formulating more effective and targeted varicella prevention and control strategies.Methods The data were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.Multiple analytical methods were employed to assess the epidemiological features of varicella in Hebei District from 2014 to 2023,including spatiotemporal clustering analysis.Results A total of 3755 varicella cases were reported in Hebei District from 2014 to 2023,with an average annual incidence rate of 44.84 per 100000 population.The incidence fluctuated significantly but showed a slight overall downward trend(P>0.05).The incidence rates for males and females were 44.22/100000 and 45.49/100000,respectively,without significant difference(P>0.05).The highest average age-specific incidence rates were observed in the groups of 5-9,10-14 and 15-19.Notably,the group aged 0-4 exhibited a rapid decline in incidence since 2018(APC=-47.64%,P<0.05).Occupationally,students(46.00%)and office workers(12.01%)constituted the majority of cases.Jianchangdao Subdistrict had both a high incidence rate and spatiotemporal clustering.Seasonal variation was evident,with the highest incidence in winter.Three varicella-related public health events were reported during this period,and the case-control studies indicated that varicella vaccination was a protective factor against infection.Conclusion From 2014 to 2023,varicella incidence in Hebei District initially increased followed by a decline,with distinct demographic,geographic and seasonal patterns.These findings underscore the need to strengthen varicella prevention and control measures tailored to its epidemiological characteristics,particularly targeting high-risk populations and regions during peak seasons to better curb its spread.
作者
刘辉
LIU Hui(Department of Infectious Disease Control,Hebei District Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Tianjin 300150,China)
出处
《环境与健康杂志》
2025年第7期609-613,共5页
Journal of Environment and Health
关键词
水痘
流行特征
时空集聚性
Varicella
Epidemiological characteristics
Temporal-spatial clustering
作者简介
刘辉(1986-),女,副主任医师,从事传染病预防控制工作。
