摘要
镇墓武士俑是古人丧葬观念的产物,在古人“事死如事生”观念的影响下,“面容狰狞、手持兵器”站立于墓门或甬道两侧的武士俑既起到镇妖除邪的作用,也表达了墓主人不想被外界侵扰的希望。镇墓俑最早出现于东周,东汉时期出现人形“吐舌”镇墓俑,到魏晋南北朝“吐舌”镇墓俑逐渐消失,代之以“头戴兜鍪、身披铠甲、手执兵器”的守卫型镇墓武士俑,特别是北魏时期,墓门两侧各置一镇墓武士俑和一镇墓兽,四件一组的镇墓组合方式基本确立,并直接影响了东魏、北齐镇墓俑的造型,也为后来隋唐镇墓俑的发展奠定了基础。
Tomb-guarding warrior figurines are products of ancient Chinese funeral customs.Influenced by the belief of"treating the dead as if they were living",these warrior figurines stood at tomb entrances or corridors with fierce expressions and weapons,serving both to ward off evil spirits and to express the wish for the deceased to remain undisturbed.Tomb-guarding warrior figurines first appeared during the Eastern Zhou dynasty.In the Eastern Han dynasty,humanoid tomb-guarding warrior figurines with tongue-protruding facial expressions emerged but disappeared during the Wei,Jin,Southern,and Northern dynasties,replaced by armored figurines.During the Northern Wei dynasty,a set of four tomb-guarding figurines became standardized,consisting of one warrior figurine and one beast figurine on each side of the tomb entrance.The tomb-guarding warrior figurines of the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi dynasties were directly influenced by this tradition.They also laid the foundation for the development of tomb-guarding warrior figurines in the Sui and Tang dynasties.
作者
赵凯丽
ZHAO Kai-li(Datong Museum,Datong Shanxi,037009)
出处
《云冈研究》
2025年第2期76-80,共5页
Yungang Research
关键词
大同
墓葬
武士俑
Datong
Northern Wei dynasty
tomb
warrior figurine
作者简介
赵凯丽(1987-),女,山西山阴人,文博馆员,研究方向:文物及文化创意。
