摘要
考古发现揭示,北魏墓葬动物殉祭率在平城时期有一次跃升,但到了洛阳时期又有显著下降。殉祭动物组合中羊、牛、马等比较常见。殉祭动物个体数量盛乐和洛阳时期较少,而平城时期较多。北魏墓葬殉祭动物部位以牲体为主,头/蹄以及整牲数量较少。平城时期殉祭动物摆放位置或方式最为多样化,有棺外前部或侧部、壁龛、棺内或墓道等。出土殉祭动物的墓葬形制在不同时期有明显变化,盛乐和平城时期以土洞墓为主,洛阳时期则主要为砖室墓。北魏墓葬动物殉祭习俗的形成和变迁,可能受到了农耕-游牧经济和文化的交流与互动,以及民族融合等多重因素的影响。
Archaeological findings reveal that the rate of animal sacrifice in Northern Wei tomb burials experienced a significant in⁃crease during the Pingcheng period but a notable decline in the Luoyang period.Common animals in the sacrificial combinations include sheep,cattle,and horses.The number of individual sacrificial animals is less during the periods of Shengle and Luoyang,while it is more during the Pingcheng period.The sacrificial animals in Northern Wei tomb burials are mainly focused on the body,with fewer sac⁃rifices of heads/hooves and whole animals.The placement or method of sacrificial animals during the Pingcheng period is the most di⁃verse,including the front or side of the coffin,wall niches,inside the coffin,or tomb passages.The burial form of sacrificial animals has undergone significant changes in different periods,with earthen chamber tombs being predominant during the Shengle and Pingcheng periods,while brick chamber tombs are mainly found in the Luoyang period.The formation and changes in the custom of animal sacri⁃fice in Northern Wei tomb burials may have been influenced by factors such as the interaction and exchange of agricultural-pastoral e⁃conomies and cultures,as well as national integration.
作者
张国文
Zhang Guowen(Key Research of Social History of China/Faculty of History,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)
出处
《郑州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第5期96-101,128,共7页
Journal of Zhengzhou University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金冷门绝学研究专项学者个人项目“汉唐时期鲜卑融入中华文明的考古学综合研究”(项目编号:23VJXG032)。
作者简介
张国文(1983-),男,南开大学历史学院教授,主要从事北方民族考古、科技考古学研究。
