青少年游泳运动员基本运动能力特征分型研究

Research on Classification of Basic Physical Ability Characteristics of Adolescent Swimmers

在线阅读下载PDF

导出

摘要目的:聚焦上海市游泳项目后备人才培养,通过多维度运动员分型研究评估青少年游泳运动员的基本运动能力。方法:172名青少年游泳运动员进行了13项基本运动能力测试。按竞赛年龄组分为A至D组,当前运动水平分为一级、二级、三级。采用因子分析构建游泳项目特异性运动能力评估体系;采用基于欧几里得距离平方的Ward方法进行聚类分析;采用多项逻辑回归探索不同分型运动员的成才概率。结果:构建五维度(爆发力、灵敏、力量、耐力和协调)的游泳项目基本运动能力评价体系。4个聚类方案的R2为40.0%,轮廓系数为0.14;精简后4个聚类方案的R2为50.2%,轮廓系数为0.22。所得类型3“优势均衡”型的成才概率合计94.1%;类型4“爆发主导”型的成才概率合计86.5%;类型2“基础发展”型的成才概率合计76.2%;类型1“协调主导”型的成才概率合计75.9%。结论:4个类型青少年游泳运动员的成才概率存在一定差异,该发现能为教练员提供科学训练的目标导向,实现对天赋青少年运动员的精选优育。 Aims:This study focused on the reserve talent development of the Shanghai swimming program and evaluated the physical abilities of adolescent swimmers based on a multi-dimensional classification study.Methods:172 young swimmers were examined for 13 tests.They were divided into Groups A to D according to the competition age group settings,and the current competitive level were categorized as Level 1,2,and 3.Factor analysis was used to construct a swimming-specific test battery.Cluster analysis was performed using Ward's method based on Squared Euclidian Distance.Multinomial logistic regression was used to explore the probability of swimmers with different profiles to reach different competitive levels.Results:A five-dimension(explosive power,agility,strength,endurance,and coordination)swimming-specific test battery was constructed.The four selected cluster centers had an R-squared of 40.0%and a Silhouette coefficient of 0.14.After improvement,the clustering effect was improved with an R-squared of 50.2%and a Silhouette coefficient of 0.22.Type 3"Balanced Advantage"showed the highest probabilities of success(94.1%),followed by Type 4"Explosive-driven"(86.5%),Type 2"Basic Developing"(76.2%),and Type 1"Coordination-based"(75.9%).Conclusion:The probabilities of success of these four types of young swimmers varied greatly.The findings could provide coaches with scientific training goal orientation and effectively improve the talent identification and development.

作者潘其乐王欢尹晓峰蔡广 PAN Qile;WANG Huan;YIN Xiaofeng;CAI Guang(Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science&Shanghai Anti-Doping Agengy,Shanghai 200030,China;Shanghai Hongkou District Youth Sports School,Shanghai 200081,China)

机构地区上海体育科学研究所(上海市反兴奋剂中心) 上海市虹口区青少年体育运动学校

出处《体育科研》 2025年第4期57-63,共7页 Sport Science Research

基金上海市科委“科技创新行动计划”社会发展科技攻关项目(22dz1205100)。

关键词青少年游泳运动员基本运动能力特征分型运动员选材育才 adolescent swimmers physical ability trait categorization talent identification and development

分类号 G808 [文化科学—体育训练]

作者简介第一作者:潘其乐,女,硕士,助理研究员。主要研究方向:青少年选育才。E-mail:panqile@shriss.cn。;通信作者:蔡广,男,硕士,研究员,硕士生导师。主要研究方向:青少年选材。E-mail:leng8yang@126.com。