摘要
俄国形式主义文论家艾亨鲍姆从语言学角度探究诗歌文体的“文学性”,把诗歌的声调、节奏、语法、结构等要素联结成诗歌文体的统一整体,构成“独立的意义”。在小说文体研究方面,艾亨鲍姆秉持形式主义的研究范式,从结构布局、叙事笔调、篇幅长短、结尾方式等方面辨析长篇小说与短篇小说的差异性,并考察小说文体的发展历程和不同国别小说特征。艾亨鲍姆不仅对诗歌、小说、悲剧、日记、传记等具体文体有广泛研究,而且对一些具有类型意义的文体形式进行系统阐发,如广义散文体和文学讲述体等。艾亨鲍姆观察到文体形式的演变规律,揭示作家主体的独特手法、作品间的内在关联以及文学与非文学因素交织等对文学史发展的多重影响,构建出以文本形式分析为横坐标,以作家手法梳理为纵坐标,以文学传统等外部元素为考察背景的立体式文体理论维度。
Russian formalist literary theorist Eichenbaum explored the“literariness”of poetic genres from a linguistic perspective,linking elements such as tone,rhythm,grammar,and structure into a unified whole of poetic style,thereby creating an“independent meaning”.In his studies of novel styles,Eichenbaum adhered to the formalist research paradigm,analyzing differences between long and short novels in terms of structural layout,narrative tone,length,and concluding styles.He also examined the evolution of novelistic forms and the characteristics of novels from different nations.Eichenbaum conducted extensive research not only on specific literary genres such as poetry,novels,tragedies,diaries,and biographies but also on stylistic forms with typological significance,such as general prose and literary narrative styles.Observing the evolution of literary forms,Eichenbaum revealed the unique techniques of authors,the intrinsic connections between works,and the interplay of literary and non-literary factors.These insights have had a multifaceted impact on the development of literary history.He constructed a multidimensional framework for stylistic theory,with textual form analysis as the horizontal axis,an exploration of authorial techniques as the vertical axis,and external elements like literary traditions as the contextual background.
作者
施秋香
柳宏
SHI Qiuxiang;LIU Hong(College of Liberal Arts,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225002)
出处
《南京师大学报(社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第3期141-148,共8页
Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“中国传统文体学与现代文体学建构研究”(24&ZD232)的阶段性成果。
关键词
艾亨鲍姆
文体
形式
手法
Eichenbaum
stylistic theory
form
technique
作者简介
施秋香,文学博士,扬州大学文学院副教授(扬州225002);柳宏,文学博士,扬州大学文学院教授、博士生导师(扬州225002)。
