摘要
现有全球气候治理机制在加强气候行动、应对气候风险方面表现乏力,气候脆弱地区的小岛屿发展中国家积极寻求国际司法机构的救济。由于气候利益的复杂性、气候损失与损害司法求偿的国际法基础不足以及具体因果关系难以确证,国家间气候变化诉讼在诉讼管辖权成立与国家气候责任证明方面面临较大障碍。但通过相关规则完善以增强国际法院公信力,或可降低国家同意管辖的阻力,在一定程度上减少诉讼管辖权的成立障碍;国际法院的气候变化咨询意见可能进一步提升国家气候司法的意愿;气候科学的发展有望为国家间气候变化诉讼在因果关系证明方面提供突破的可能。我国仍处于绿色转型之中,未来在应对气候变化方面的国际政治风险可能转移至国际司法领域,对此应构建多层次气候诉讼风险防控体系,坚持推进以联合国为核心的多边气候治理机制,积极开展气候变化领域的国际合作;积极参与气候变化相关的国际司法程序,提高国际司法应对能力。
Existing global climate governance mechanisms have proven insufficient in strengthening climate action and addressing climate risks.Against this backdrop,climate-vulnerable small island developing states(SIDS)are increasingly seeking remedies through international judicial institutions.However,due to the complexity of climate-related interests,the inadequate legal basis under international law for judicial claims concerning climate loss and damage,and the challenges of establishing specific causal links,inter-state climate change litigation faces significant obstacles in asserting jurisdiction and proving state responsibility for climate change.Nonetheless,improving relevant rules to bolster the credibility of the International Court of Justice(ICJ)may help reduce resistance to state consent to jurisdiction and,to some extent,lower barriers to establishing contentious jurisdiction.Moreover,advisory opinions from the ICJ on climate change could further enhance states'willingness to use international judicial mechanisms to resolve climate disputes.Advances in climate science may also provide breakthroughs in proving causation in inter-state climate change litigation.As China continues its green transition,the potential for international political risks related to climate change to spill over into the realm of international justice remains significant.To address this,China should establish a multi-tiered risk prevention and control system for climate litigation,maintain a commitment to advancing multilateral climate governance mechanisms centered on the United Nations,and actively engage in international climate cooperation.Furthermore,China should shift away from its rejection of international judicial avenues,actively participate in climate change-related international judicial proceedings,and enhance its capacity to respond to international justice.
作者
罗国强
魏潇雪
LUO Guoqiang;WEI Xiaoxue(Guanghua Law School,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310008)
出处
《南京师大学报(社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第3期107-117,共11页
Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“普芬道夫《自然法与国际法》(八卷本)翻译与研究”(22&ZD207)
浙江省哲学社会科学领军人才培育课题(引进人才支持)“国际法治新思维下的新时代国际争端解决”(23YJRC02ZD)的阶段性成果。
关键词
气候变化
国家间诉讼
气候责任
咨询意见
climate change
inter-state litigation
climate responsibility
advisory opinion
作者简介
罗国强,法学博士,浙江大学光华法学院教授、博士生导师(杭州310008);魏潇雪,浙江大学光华法学院博士研究生(杭州310008)。
