摘要
因碳交易市场借助总量控制和市场交易来实现减排目标,且碳排放权制度兼具维护公共利益的行政主导和自由协商的私法自治,故对于碳排放权的法律属性,学术界存在“公法属性”与“私法属性”之争。囿于“公私对立”的思维定式,现有学说对碳排放权法律属性的识别并未提供恰当的解释路径,因此有必要对碳排放权的法律属性定位进行反思。在“公私协作”视野下以德国双阶理论为基础,将碳排放权运行中的配额流转阶段确立为前阶公法属性和后阶私法属性的法律构造:其中以配额确定和分配为核心内容的第一阶段属于行政处理阶段;以配额交易为核心内容的第二阶段视为民事合同阶段,从而将碳排放权界定为“行政处理+民事合同”模式。由此,碳排放权制度应在赋予行政机关必要职权的同时也对其予以适当限制,实现赋权和控权的最佳平衡;通过构建多主体共治模式,完善外部监督约束机制;依据阶段划分和法律属性辨识来选择适用相应的救济方式。
The carbon trading market achieves emission reduction goals by means of cap control and market transactions,and the carbon emission rights system has both administrative leadership to safeguard public interests and private law autonomy through free negotiation,so there is a dispute between“public law attributes”and“private law attributes”.Confined by the mindset of“public-private opposition”,the existing theories do not provide an appropriate interpretation path for the identification of the attributes of the carbon emission rights system.Therefore,it is necessary to reflect on the attribute positioning of carbon emission rights.From the perspective of“public-private collaboration”,based on the German Two-step theory,the allowances circulation stage in the operation of carbon emission rights is established as a legal structure with the attributes of public law at the front and private law at the back:the determination and allocation of allowances is the core content of the second stage.The first stage belongs to administrative processing;the second stage with quota trading as the core content is regarded as a civil contract,thus defining carbon emission rights as an“administrative processing+civil contract”model.Therefore,the improvement of the carbon emission rights system should endow administrative agencies with necessary powers and at the same time appropriately restrict them to achieve the best balance between empowerment and control;build a multisubject co-governance model and improve the external supervision and restraint mechanism;divide according to stages and nature identification to choose the appropriate remedy.
出处
《法商研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期17-30,共14页
Studies in Law and Business
基金
司法部国家法治与法学理论研究课题资助项目(18SFB3047)
关键词
碳排放权
碳排放配额
碳市场
碳交易
双阶理论
carbon emission rights
carbon emission allowances
carbon market
carbon trading
two-step theory
作者简介
魏庆坡,首都经济贸易大学法学院副教授
